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Geometry Difficulty 6.0 National olympiad Prove it Belarus

Given a convex quadrilateral ABCDABCD. The point A1A_1 is on the boundary of ABCDABCD such that the segment AA1AA_1 divides ABCDABCD into two parts with equal areas. In the same way we define points B1B_1, C1C_1 and D1D_1. It is known that the lengths of all segments AA1AA_1, BB1BB_1, CC1CC_1, and DD1DD_1 do not exceed 11.
Prove that the area S(ABCD)<23S(ABCD) < \frac{2}{3}.

Solution

Let O=ACBDO = AC \cap BD; and, without loss of generality, BODOBO \geq DO, COAOCO \geq AO. If ABDCAB \parallel DC then 1BODO=AOCO11 \leq \frac{BO}{DO} = \frac{AO}{CO} \leq 1, whence BO=ODBO = OD and ABCDABCD is a parallelogram. Then by the problem condition AC1AC \leq 1, BD1BD \leq 1, hence S(ABCD)12ACBD12<23S(ABCD) \leq \frac{1}{2} AC \cdot BD \leq \frac{1}{2} < \frac{2}{3}.

Let now ABDCAB \nparallel DC, and let MM be the intersection point of the rays BABA and CDCD; denote BC=bBC = b, ABC=β\angle ABC = \beta, DCB=γ\angle DCB = \gamma. Then S=S(ABCD)<S(BMC)S = S(ABCD) < S(BMC), while
S(BMC)=12MCMBsin(β+γ)=12bsinβsin(β+γ)bsinγsin(β+γ)sin(β+γ)==12b2ctgβ+ctgγ, S(BMC) = \frac{1}{2} MC \cdot MB \sin(\beta + \gamma) = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{b \sin \beta}{\sin(\beta + \gamma)} \cdot \frac{b \sin \gamma}{\sin(\beta + \gamma)} \cdot \sin(\beta + \gamma) = \\ = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{b^2}{\operatorname{ctg} \beta + \operatorname{ctg} \gamma},
hence
S(ctgβ+ctgγ)<b22.(1) S \cdot (\operatorname{ctg} \beta + \operatorname{ctg} \gamma) < \frac{b^2}{2}. \qquad (1)
If A1[AB]A_1 \in [AB] and D1[CD]D_1 \in [CD] are the points such that S(BA1C)=12S=S(BD1C)S(BA_1C) = \frac{1}{2}S = S(BD_1C) then by the problem condition CA11CA_1 \leq 1, BD11BD_1 \leq 1. Thus
CA12=b2+S2b2sin2β2Scosβsinβ=(bSbctgβ)2+S2b21, CA_1^2 = b^2 + \frac{S^2}{b^2 \sin^2 \beta} - 2S \cdot \frac{\cos \beta}{\sin \beta} = \left(b - \frac{S}{b} \operatorname{ctg} \beta\right)^2 + \frac{S^2}{b^2} \leq 1,
and, similarly, (bSbctgγ)2+S2b21\left(b - \frac{S}{b} \operatorname{ctg} \gamma\right)^2 + \frac{S^2}{b^2} \leq 1. Then, in view of (1),
22S2b2+12(2bSb(ctgβ+ctgγ))2>2S2b2+12(2bb2)2==2S2b2+9b28122S2b9b28=3S. 2 \geq \frac{2S^2}{b^2} + \frac{1}{2}\left(2b - \frac{S}{b}\left(\operatorname{ctg} \beta + \operatorname{ctg} \gamma\right)\right)^2 > \frac{2S^2}{b^2} + \frac{1}{2}\left(2b - \frac{b}{2}\right)^2 = \\ = \frac{2S^2}{b^2} + \frac{9b^2}{8} \geq \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{2S^2}{b} \cdot \frac{9b^2}{8}} = 3S.
It follows that S<23S < \frac{2}{3}.

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