For positive real numbers a, b, c that satisfy a+b+c=3, prove the following:
a. ab+bc+ca≤3
b. a3b+b3c+c3a+ab3+bc3+ca3≤6
Solution
a. First note that 2(a+b+c)2−6(ab+bc+ca)=(a−b)2+(b−c)2+(c−a)2≥0 hence ab+bc+ca≤31(a+b+c)2=3. Now use Cauchy-Schwarz with vectors (a,b,c) and (ab,bc,ca) to get ab+bc+ca≤a+b+c⋅ab+bc+ca≤3⋅3=3.
b. Homogenising the inequality we want to prove that a3b+b3c+c3a+ab3+bc3+ca3≤32(a+b+c)2. We introduce T(a,b):=a2+b2+4ab−3a3b−3ab3, multiply the above by 3 and rearrange to obtain T(a,b)+T(b,c)+T(c,a)≥0. To show T(a,b)≥0, we define x=a and y=b. This gives T(a,b)=x4+y4+4x2y2−3x3y−3xy3=(x−y)2(x2−xy+y2)≥0. Similarly T(b,c)≥0 and T(c,a)≥0. This proves the result.
Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track
puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.
Source: MathNet,
licensed CC-BY-4.0.
Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.