Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /18 of 120

Algebra Difficulty 4.6 AIME Prove it Saudi Arabia

Let aa, bb, cc be positive real numbers. Prove that
8(a+b+c)(1a+1b+1c)9(1+ab)(1+bc)(1+ca) 8(a+b+c)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right) \leq 9\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)

Solution

The inequality is equivalent to
8(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ca)9(a+b)(b+c)(c+a) 8(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ca) \leq 9(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)
Using the identity
(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ca)=(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)+abc (a+b+c)(ab+bc+ca) = (a+b)(b+c)(c+a) + abc
we get
8(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)+8abc9(a+b)(b+c)(c+a), 8(a+b)(b+c)(c+a) + 8abc \leq 9(a+b)(b+c)(c+a),
hence 8abc(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)8abc \leq (a+b)(b+c)(c+a). Applying AM-GM inequality, it follows
2aba+b,2bcb+c,2cac+a, 2\sqrt{ab} \leq a+b, \quad 2\sqrt{bc} \leq b+c, \quad 2\sqrt{ca} \leq c+a,
and by multiplication 8abc(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)8abc \leq (a+b)(b+c)(c+a). The equality holds if and only if a=b=ca = b = c.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.