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Number theory Difficulty 5.8 AIME, harder Prove it Greece

Solve in the set of integers the equation: y=2x2+5xy+3y2y = 2x^2 + 5xy + 3y^2.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

The equation can be written as
y=2x2+2xy+3xy+3y2y=(x+y)(2x+3y).(1) y = 2x^2 + 2xy + 3xy + 3y^2 \Leftrightarrow y = (x+y)(2x+3y). \quad (1)
By putting x+y=zZx+y=z \in \mathbb{Z}, then equation (1) is written
y=z(2z+y)y=2z2+yz(z1)y=2z2.(2) y = z(2z + y) \Leftrightarrow y = 2z^2 + yz \Leftrightarrow (z-1)y = -2z^2. \quad (2)
For z=1z=1 equation (2) becomes: 0y=20 \cdot y = -2 (impossible). For z1z \neq 1 we have
y=2z2z1=2(z21)+2z1=2(z+1)2z1.(3) y = -\frac{2z^2}{z-1} = -\frac{2(z^2-1)+2}{z-1} = -2(z+1) - \frac{2}{z-1}. \quad (3)
In order yZy \in \mathbb{Z}, z1z-1 must be a divisor of 22, i.e.
z1{1,1,2,2}z{0,2,1,3}. z-1 \in \{-1, 1, -2, 2\} \Leftrightarrow z \in \{0, 2, -1, 3\}.
For z=0z=0, we find (x,y)=(0,0)(x,y)=(0,0), for z=2z=2, we find (x,y)=(10,8)(x,y)=(10,-8), for z=1z=-1, we find (x,y)=(2,1)(x,y)=(-2,1) and for z=3z=3, we find (x,y)=(12,9)(x,y)=(12,-9).

Solution 2

The equation can be written as
y=2x2+2xy+3xy+3y2(x+y1)(2x+3y+2)=2(4) y = 2x^2 + 2xy + 3xy + 3y^2 \Leftrightarrow (x+y-1)(2x+3y+2) = -2 \quad (4)
Hence we have the cases:
{x+y1=12x+3y+2=2{x+y=02x+3y=0(x,y)=(0,0) \bullet \quad \begin{cases} x+y-1=-1 \\ 2x+3y+2=2 \end{cases} \Leftrightarrow \begin{cases} x+y=0 \\ 2x+3y=0 \end{cases} \Leftrightarrow (x,y)=(0,0)
{x+y1=12x+3y+2=2{x+y=22x+3y=4(x,y)=(10,8) \bullet \quad \begin{cases} x+y-1=1 \\ 2x+3y+2=-2 \end{cases} \Leftrightarrow \begin{cases} x+y=2 \\ 2x+3y=-4 \end{cases} \Leftrightarrow (x,y)=(10,-8)
{x+y1=22x+3y+2=1{x+y=32x+3y=3(x,y)=(12,9) \bullet \quad \begin{cases} x+y-1=2 \\ 2x+3y+2=-1 \end{cases} \Leftrightarrow \begin{cases} x+y=3 \\ 2x+3y=-3 \end{cases} \Leftrightarrow (x,y)=(12,-9)
{x+y1=22x+3y+2=1{x+y=12x+3y=1(x,y)=(2,1) \bullet \quad \begin{cases} x+y-1=-2 \\ 2x+3y+2=1 \end{cases} \Leftrightarrow \begin{cases} x+y=-1 \\ 2x+3y=-1 \end{cases} \Leftrightarrow (x,y)=(-2,1)

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