Problem:
Given an matrix whose entries satisfy , numbers are chosen from the matrix no two of which are from the same row or the same column. Prove that the sum of these numbers is at least .
Problem:
Given an matrix whose entries satisfy , numbers are chosen from the matrix no two of which are from the same row or the same column. Prove that the sum of these numbers is at least .
Solution:
Suppose that and are among the chosen numbers and suppose that and . It is straightforward to show that . Hence, whenever and with and are among chosen numbers, we can lower the sum by replacing these two numbers with and . Hence the smallest possible sum is when we choose —and in that case the sum is .