Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 8.2 Shortlist Prove it Germany

Let a convex pentagon ABCDEABCDE be given with the properties BCAEBC \| AE and AB=AE\overline{AB}=\overline{AE}. Furthermore, let FF be a point on the segment AEAE such that AB=BC+AF\overline{AB}=\overline{BC}+\overline{AF} as well as CBA= FDC\text{CBA= FDC} are satisfied. Finally, let MM be the midpoint of the segment CFCF and OO the circumcenter of the triangle BCDBCD.

Prove: If DMMODM \perp MO, then FDC=2 ADB\text{FDC=2 ADB} holds.

Solution

Solution:

From the conditions it follows that FE=AEAF=AB(ABBC)=BC\overline{FE}=\overline{AE}-\overline{AF}=\overline{AB}-(\overline{AB}-\overline{BC})=\overline{BC}.
Therefore BCEFBCEF is a parallelogram, whose two diagonals CFCF and BEBE bisect each other at MM.

Because of the point symmetry about MM, CBE= AEB\text{CBE= AEB} holds, and since ABEABE is an isosceles triangle, AEB= EBA\text{AEB= EBA} holds. Thus EBEB is the angle bisector of CBA\text{CBA}. It follows that FDC= CBA=2 AEB\text{FDC= CBA=2 AEB}, so that it only remains to show that AEB= ADB\text{AEB= ADB}.

Let DD^{\prime} be the reflection point of DD about MM. Since DMMODM \perp MO, we then have
Figure 1
OD=OD=OB=OC\overline{OD^{\prime}}=\overline{OD}=\overline{OB}=\overline{OC} and DBCDD^{\prime}BCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. Therefore BDC= BD C\text{BDC= BD C}, and because BCDEFDBCDEFD^{\prime} is even a hexagon that is point-symmetric about MM, it further follows that EDF= BD C= BDC\text{EDF= BD C= BDC}. Thus EDB= FDC\text{EDB= FDC}, while on the other hand BAE=180 -2 AEB=180 - FDC\text{BAE=180 -2 AEB=180 - FDC} holds. Hence ABDEABDE is a cyclic quadrilateral, and the claim follows from the inscribed angle theorem.

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