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Algebra Difficulty 5.3 AIME, harder Prove it Ukraine

For arbitrary positive numbers aa, bb, cc prove the inequality
aba+3b+2c+bcb+3c+2a+cac+3a+2b16(a+b+c). \frac{ab}{a+3b+2c} + \frac{bc}{b+3c+2a} + \frac{ca}{c+3a+2b} \le \frac{1}{6}(a+b+c).

Solution

Використаємо відому нерівність (x+y+z)(1x+1y+1z)9(x + y + z) \left(\frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{y} + \frac{1}{z}\right) \geq 9, x,y,z>0x, y, z > 0, яку неважко довести за допомогою нерівності Коші. Перепишемо її у вигляді 1x+y+z19(1x+1y+1z)\frac{1}{x+y+z} \leq \frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{y} + \frac{1}{z}\right). Оскільки a+3b+2c=2b+(b+c)+(c+a)a + 3b + 2c = 2b + (b+c) + (c+a), то
aba+3b+2cab9(12b+1b+c+1c+a)=a18+19(abb+c+abc+a). \frac{ab}{a+3b+2c} \leq \frac{ab}{9} \left( \frac{1}{2b} + \frac{1}{b+c} + \frac{1}{c+a} \right) = \frac{a}{18} + \frac{1}{9} \left( \frac{ab}{b+c} + \frac{ab}{c+a} \right).
Додавши цю та ще дві аналогічні нерівності, дістанемо
aba+3b+2c+bcb+3c+2a+cac+3a+2b118(a+b+c)+19(abb+c+abc+a+bcc+a+bca+b+caa+b+cab+c)118(a+b+c)+19(a+b+c)=16(a+b+c). \begin{aligned} \frac{ab}{a+3b+2c} + \frac{bc}{b+3c+2a} + \frac{ca}{c+3a+2b} &\le \frac{1}{18}(a+b+c) + \frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{ab}{b+c} + \frac{ab}{c+a} + \frac{bc}{c+a} + \frac{bc}{a+b} + \frac{ca}{a+b} + \frac{ca}{b+c}\right) \\ &\le \frac{1}{18}(a+b+c) + \frac{1}{9}(a+b+c) = \frac{1}{6}(a+b+c). \end{aligned}

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