Find all positive integers for which the equation
has solutions in integers.
Solution
For any integer we have , hence for any integers and , we have
For , we have , that is there are no solutions in this case.
If , then the equation becomes , which has no solutions because of the possible residues above.
If , then we get the equation , which has no solutions because of the possible residues above.
If , then the equation becomes .
For any integer we have , hence for any integers and , we have
The equation has no solutions because of the possible residues above.
If , then the equation becomes , with solution .
If , then we get the equation , with solution .
The equation has solutions in integers if and only if and .
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