Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /1329 of 1394

Geometry Difficulty 6.1 National Olympiad Prove it United States

Problem:

Let ABCABC be a triangle such that AB=6AB = 6, BC=5BC = 5, AC=7AC = 7. Let the tangents to the circumcircle of ABCABC at BB and CC meet at XX. Let ZZ be a point on the circumcircle of ABCABC. Let YY be the foot of the perpendicular from XX to CZCZ. Let KK be the intersection of the circumcircle of BCYBCY with line ABAB. Given that YY is on the interior of segment CZCZ and YZ=3CYYZ = 3 \, CY, compute AKAK.

Proposed by: Allen Liu

Solution

Solution:

Let ω1\omega_1 denote the circumcircle of ABCABC and ω2\omega_2 denote the circle centered at XX through BB and CC. Let ω2\omega_2 intersect ABAB, ACAC again at BB', CC'. The (signed) power of YY with respect to ω1\omega_1 is CYYZ-CY \cdot YZ. The power of YY with respect to ω2\omega_2 is XY2CX2=CY2XY^2 - CX^2 = -CY^2. Thus the ratio of the powers of YY with respect to the two circles is 3:13 : 1. The circumcircle of BCYBCY passes through the intersection points of ω1\omega_1 and ω2\omega_2 (BB and CC) and thus contains exactly the set of points such that the ratio of their powers with respect to ω1\omega_1 and ω2\omega_2 is 3:13 : 1 (this fact can be verified in a variety of ways). We conclude that KK must be the point on line ABAB such that KBKA=3\frac{KB'}{KA} = 3. It now suffices to compute ABAB'. Note AB=ACBCBCAB' = \frac{AC \cdot B'C'}{BC} by similar triangles. Also an angle chase gives that BXCB'XC' are collinear. We compute

BX=BC2cosA=5257=72 BX = \frac{BC}{2 \cos A} = \frac{5}{2 \cdot \frac{5}{7}} = \frac{7}{2}
and thus BC=7B'C' = 7 so AB=495AB' = \frac{49}{5} and AK=32AB=14710AK = \frac{3}{2} AB' = \frac{147}{10}.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.