GeometryDifficulty 6.1National OlympiadProve itUnited States
Problem:
Let ABC be a triangle such that AB=6, BC=5, AC=7. Let the tangents to the circumcircle of ABC at B and C meet at X. Let Z be a point on the circumcircle of ABC. Let Y be the foot of the perpendicular from X to CZ. Let K be the intersection of the circumcircle of BCY with line AB. Given that Y is on the interior of segment CZ and YZ=3CY, compute AK.
Proposed by: Allen Liu
Solution
Solution:
Let ω1 denote the circumcircle of ABC and ω2 denote the circle centered at X through B and C. Let ω2 intersect AB, AC again at B′, C′. The (signed) power of Y with respect to ω1 is −CY⋅YZ. The power of Y with respect to ω2 is XY2−CX2=−CY2. Thus the ratio of the powers of Y with respect to the two circles is 3:1. The circumcircle of BCY passes through the intersection points of ω1 and ω2 (B and C) and thus contains exactly the set of points such that the ratio of their powers with respect to ω1 and ω2 is 3:1 (this fact can be verified in a variety of ways). We conclude that K must be the point on line AB such that KAKB′=3. It now suffices to compute AB′. Note AB′=BCAC⋅B′C′ by similar triangles. Also an angle chase gives that B′XC′ are collinear. We compute
BX=2cosABC=2⋅755=27 and thus B′C′=7 so AB′=549 and AK=23AB′=10147.
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