Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.7 AIME, harder Prove it United States

Problem:

Let ABC\triangle ABC be a scalene triangle. Let hah_{a} be the locus of points PP such that PBPC=ABAC|PB - PC| = |AB - AC|. Let hbh_{b} be the locus of points PP such that PCPA=BCBA|PC - PA| = |BC - BA|. Let hch_{c} be the locus of points PP such that PAPB=CACB|PA - PB| = |CA - CB|. In how many points do all of hah_{a}, hbh_{b}, and hch_{c} concur?

Solution

Solution:

Answer: 2 The idea is similar to the proof that the angle bisectors concur or that the perpendicular bisectors concur. Assume WLOG that BC>AB>CABC > AB > CA. Note that hah_{a} and hbh_{b} are both hyperbolas. Therefore, hah_{a} and hbh_{b} intersect in four points (each branch of hah_{a} intersects exactly once with each branch of hbh_{b}). Note that the branches of hah_{a} correspond to the cases when PB>PCPB > PC and when PB<PCPB < PC. Similarly, the branches of hbh_{b} correspond to the cases when PC>PAPC > PA and PC<PAPC < PA.
If either PA<PB<PCPA < PB < PC or PC<PB<PAPC < PB < PA (which each happens for exactly one point of intersection of hah_{a} and hbh_{b}), then PCPA=PCPB+PBPA=ABAC+BCBA=BCAC|PC - PA| = |PC - PB| + |PB - PA| = |AB - AC| + |BC - BA| = |BC - AC|, and so PP also lies on hch_{c}. So, exactly two of the four points of intersection of hah_{a} and hbh_{b} lie on hch_{c}, meaning that hah_{a}, hbh_{b}, and hch_{c} concur in two points.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.