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Geometry Difficulty 6.6 National olympiad Prove it Japan

In a triangle ABCABC, we suppose that points DD and EE lie on the segments ABAB and ACAC, respectively. Let DD, BB, CC, EE lie on the same circumference and let point PP lie inside quadrilateral DBCEDBCE with BDP=BPC=PEC\angle BDP = \angle BPC = \angle PEC. Calculate BPCP\frac{BP}{CP}, given that AB=9AB = 9, AC=11AC = 11, DP=1DP = 1 and EP=3EP = 3.

Solution

3311 \frac{\sqrt{33}}{11}
Let QQ be the intersection of line EPEP and ABAB, and RR be the intersection of line DPDP and ACAC. Since BPC+CPE=PEC+CPE=180ECP\angle BPC + \angle CPE = \angle PEC + \angle CPE = 180^\circ - \angle ECP, we have QPB=ECP\angle QPB = \angle ECP. Similarly, we have RPC=DBP\angle RPC = \angle DBP. Hence QPB=RCP\angle QPB = \angle RCP and QBP=RPC\angle QBP = \angle RPC, which yields QBPRPC\triangle QBP \sim \triangle RPC.

Since QDR=BDP=PEC=QER\angle QDR = \angle BDP = \angle PEC = \angle QER, DD, QQ, RR and EE lie on the same circumference. Hence we have ABC=DBC=180CED=180RED=DQR=AQR\angle ABC = \angle DBC = 180^\circ - \angle CED = 180^\circ - \angle RED = \angle DQR = \angle AQR (note that DD, BB, CC, EE are also concyclic). This means the line BCBC is parallel to the line QRQR and thus BQ:CR=AB:AC=9:11BQ : CR = AB : AC = 9 : 11. In addition, we have QDPREP\triangle QDP \sim \triangle REP since DD, QQ, RR and EE are concyclic, and thus QP:RP=DP:EP=1:3QP : RP = DP : EP = 1 : 3.

The above argument yields BP2CP2=BQQPPRRC=BQCRQPRP=91113=311\frac{BP^2}{CP^2} = \frac{BQ \cdot QP}{PR \cdot RC} = \frac{BQ}{CR} \cdot \frac{QP}{RP} = \frac{9}{11} \cdot \frac{1}{3} = \frac{3}{11}, hence BPCP=311=3311\frac{BP}{CP} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{11} = \frac{\sqrt{33}}{11}.

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