Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /41 of 61

Algebra Difficulty 6.0 AIME, harder Prove it Ukraine

Find all triplets of real positive numbers xx, yy and zz such that
{2x2y+2y2z+2z2x=3(x+y+z),x2+y2+z2=6. \begin{cases} \sqrt{2x - \frac{2}{y}} + \sqrt{2y - \frac{2}{z}} + \sqrt{2z - \frac{2}{x}} = \sqrt{3(x + y + z)}, \\ x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 6. \end{cases}

Solution

Відповідь: x=y=z=2x = y = z = \sqrt{2}. Із системи випливає, що
x1y+y1z+z1x=12x+y+zx2+y2+z2. \sqrt{x - \frac{1}{y}} + \sqrt{y - \frac{1}{z}} + \sqrt{z - \frac{1}{x}} = \frac{1}{2} \sqrt{x + y + z} \cdot \sqrt{x^2 + y^2 + z^2}.
Звідси за нерівністю Коші-Буняковського маємо:
x1y+y1z+z1x12(xy+yz+zx),(xy2x1y)+(yz2y1z)+(zx2z1x)0,(xy1)2y+(yz1)2z+(zx1)2x0. \sqrt{x - \frac{1}{y}} + \sqrt{y - \frac{1}{z}} + \sqrt{z - \frac{1}{x}} \ge \frac{1}{2}(x\sqrt{y} + y\sqrt{z} + z\sqrt{x}), \\ \left(x\sqrt{y} - 2\sqrt{x - \frac{1}{y}}\right) + \left(y\sqrt{z} - 2\sqrt{y - \frac{1}{z}}\right) + \left(z\sqrt{x} - 2\sqrt{z - \frac{1}{x}}\right) \le 0, \\ \frac{\left(\sqrt{xy} - 1\right)^2}{\sqrt{y}} + \frac{\left(\sqrt{yz} - 1\right)^2}{\sqrt{z}} + \frac{\left(\sqrt{zx} - 1\right)^2}{\sqrt{x}} \le 0.

Отже, з необхідністю xy=yz=zx=2xy = yz = zx = 2. Заливається переконатися, що трійка x=y=z=2x = y = z = \sqrt{2} задовольняє умову задачі.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.