Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.7 AIME, harder Prove it Iran

We have drawn a polygon with 2n2n sides without picking up the pencil from the paper. If we name the sides from 11 to 2n2n with the order of drawing them, then the odd sides are all vertical and are drawn bottom-up. Prove that this polygon intersects itself.

Solution

First Solution:
If a polygon does not intersect itself, then by moving clockwise (or counterclockwise) along its sides, the inside (or outside) of the polygon must always be at our right-side. But if the said polygon doesn't intersect itself, then the right-side of its rightmost side (because it is drawn upward) is its outside, and the right-side of its leftmost side (because it is drawn upward) is its inside, which is a contradiction.

Second Solution:
Suppose that the leftmost side of the polygon connects the vertex AA upward to the vertex BB, and the rightmost side connects the vertex CC upward to the vertex DD. Then all of the polygon must be between the lines ABAB and CDCD. Clearly, the remaining of the polygon contains a path that connects BB to CC, and another one that connects DD to AA; but these two paths intersect.

Third Solution:
Suppose that this polygon has 2n2n sides and doesn't intersect itself. In this case, total sum of the angles of this polygon is equal to (2n2)×180=(n1)×360(2n - 2) \times 180^{\circ} = (n - 1) \times 360^{\circ}. On the other hand, each non-vertical side of this polygon is adjacent to two vertical sides that are drawn upward. So the sum of the two adjacent angles to each non-vertical side is 360360^{\circ}, and since we have nn non-vertical sides, the total sum of all angles equals n×360n \times 360^{\circ}, which is a contradiction.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.