GeometryDifficulty 6.0National OlympiadFind the answerItaly
Problem:
From a point L two straight roads depart, forming an acute angle α. Along one of the two roads there are two lampposts, positioned at P and Q, such that LP=40m and LQ=90m. Eva is at E on the other road, and she sees the two lampposts under an angle PEQ. At what distance from L is Eva, if PEQ has the maximum possible amplitude?
Pick one
Solution
Solution:
The answer is (B). Let f be the road on which Eva is located and s the one on which the lampposts are located. Consider the circle passing through P,Q,E, which exists since P,Q belong to s while E does not belong to it, otherwise the angle PE^Q would be 0, and suppose by contradiction that it is not tangent to f. Then there exists the further intersection point E′ of this circle with f, and let E′′ be a point on the arc EE′ not containing P and Q; we have PE^Q=PE^′′Q since they subtend the same arc PQ; let D be the intersection of f and PE′′, then PD^Q>PE^′′Q=PE^Q since it is an exterior angle of the triangle PDE′′ not adjacent to the angle at E′′. Then the point E could not give the maximum angle, and therefore the circle through P,Q,E must necessarily be tangent to f at E. But then, by the tangent-secant theorem, LE2=LP⋅LQ, hence LE=40⋅90=60.
(Kuzmin)
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