Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 6.0 National Olympiad Find the answer Italy

Problem:

From a point LL two straight roads depart, forming an acute angle α\alpha. Along one of the two roads there are two lampposts, positioned at PP and QQ, such that LP=40 mL P=40~\mathrm{m} and LQ=90 mL Q=90~\mathrm{m}. Eva is at EE on the other road, and she sees the two lampposts under an angle PE^QP \widehat{E} Q. At what distance from LL is Eva, if PE^QP \widehat{E} Q has the maximum possible amplitude?

Pick one

Solution

Solution:

The answer is (B). Let ff be the road on which Eva is located and ss the one on which the lampposts are located. Consider the circle passing through P,Q,EP, Q, E, which exists since P,QP, Q belong to ss while EE does not belong to it, otherwise the angle PE^QP \hat{E} Q would be 0, and suppose by contradiction that it is not tangent to ff. Then there exists the further intersection point EE' of this circle with ff, and let EE'' be a point on the arc EEE E' not containing PP and QQ; we have PE^Q=PE^QP \hat{E} Q = P \hat{E}'' Q since they subtend the same arc PQP Q; let DD be the intersection of ff and PEP E'', then PD^Q>PE^Q=PE^QP \hat{D} Q > P \hat{E}'' Q = P \hat{E} Q since it is an exterior angle of the triangle PDEP D E'' not adjacent to the angle at EE''. Then the point EE could not give the maximum angle, and therefore the circle through P,Q,EP, Q, E must necessarily be tangent to ff at EE. But then, by the tangent-secant theorem, LE2=LPLQL E^2 = L P \cdot L Q, hence LE=4090=60L E = \sqrt{40 \cdot 90} = 60.

(Kuzmin)

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from it; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.