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Irish Mathematical Olympiad

Geometry Difficulty 4.8 AIME Prove it Ireland

Prove that a line through the centroid of a triangle that bisects the area of the triangle is a median.

Solution

Let FHFH, with FF on ABAB and HH on ACAC, bisect the area of △ABC\triangle ABC. Let the midpoints of ABAB and ACAC be EE and DD respectively and let the centroid of △ABC\triangle ABC be GG. Assume FHFH passes through GG and is not a median, i.e. F≠EF \ne E and H≠DH \ne D.

Since CECE bisects the area of ∠ABC\angle ABC then the area of BFHCBFHC is equal to the area of BECBEC, hence the area of GHCGHC is equal to the area of FEGFEG. This means that
12∣GH∣⋅∣GC∣sin⁡∠HGC=12∣FG∣⋅∣EG∣sin⁡∠FGE, \frac{1}{2}|GH| \cdot |GC| \sin \angle HGC = \frac{1}{2}|FG| \cdot |EG| \sin \angle FGE,
hence
∣GH∣⋅∣GC∣=∣FG∣⋅∣EG∣=12∣FG∣⋅∣GC∣, |GH| \cdot |GC| = |FG| \cdot |EG| = \frac{1}{2} |FG| \cdot |GC|,
the last equality because of ∣EG∣=12∣GC∣|EG| = \frac{1}{2}|GC|. This implies ∣GH∣=12∣FG∣|GH| = \frac{1}{2}|FG|. Because ∣GD∣=12∣BG∣|GD| = \frac{1}{2}|BG| we get △GDH∼△FGB\triangle GDH \sim \triangle FGB and so ∠GDH=∠FBG\angle GDH = \angle FBG hence AB∥ACAB \parallel AC. This is impossible so FHFH cannot bisect the area of ∠ABC\angle ABC unless it is a median.

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