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Irish Mathematical Olympiad

Geometry Difficulty 4.8 AIME Prove it Ireland

Suppose AA, BB, and CC are the angles in an acute-angled triangle. Prove that
sin⁡2A+sin⁡2B+sin⁡2Ccos⁡A+cos⁡B+cos⁡C≤3. \frac{\sin 2A + \sin 2B + \sin 2C}{\cos A + \cos B + \cos C} \le \sqrt{3}.

Solution

Since cos⁡x\cos x is decreasing on [0,π/2][0, \pi/2] and sin⁡x\sin x is increasing on this interval, by Chebyshev's inequality,
sin⁡2A+sin⁡2B+sin⁡2Ccos⁡A+cos⁡B+cos⁡C=2cos⁡A+cos⁡B+cos⁡C≤23(sin⁡A+sin⁡B+sin⁡C). \frac{\sin 2A + \sin 2B + \sin 2C}{\cos A + \cos B + \cos C} = \frac{2}{\cos A + \cos B + \cos C} \le \frac{2}{3} (\sin A + \sin B + \sin C).
But, just as in the solution of problem 25,
sin⁡A+sin⁡B+sin⁡C=4cos⁡A2cos⁡B2cos⁡C2 \sin A + \sin B + \sin C = 4 \cos \frac{A}{2} \cos \frac{B}{2} \cos \frac{C}{2}
and, for all xx, yy, z∈[0,π/2]z \in [0, \pi/2],
cos⁡xcos⁡ycos⁡z≤cos⁡x+y+z3, \sqrt{\cos x \cos y \cos z} \le \cos \frac{x+y+z}{3},
with equality iff x=y=zx = y = z. Hence,
23(sin⁡A+sin⁡B+sin⁡C)≤83cos⁡3A+B+C6=83cos⁡3π6=3, \frac{2}{3}(\sin A + \sin B + \sin C) \le \frac{8}{3}\cos^3 \frac{A+B+C}{6} = \frac{8}{3}\cos^3 \frac{\pi}{6} = \sqrt{3},
with equality iff A=B=C=π/3A = B = C = \pi/3.

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