Prove that the sum of all three-digit numbers whose decimal representation consists of three different digits different from zero has at least three different prime divisors.
Solution
Let us consider all three-digit numbers whose digits are all different and nonzero. Each such number can be written as , where , , are digits from to , all different.
The total number of such numbers is .
Let be the sum of all such numbers.
Let us fix the digits , , in all possible orders. For each digit, it appears in each position (hundreds, tens, units) the same number of times, because the digits are permuted among the three positions.
For each digit (), the number of ways to choose the other two digits is , and for each such choice, appears in each position exactly times (since there are permutations, and for each position, permutations place there).
So, for each digit , it appears times in each position.
Therefore, the total sum is:
But .
So,
Let us factor this number:
So,
Multiply the 's:
So,
Thus, the prime divisors of are , , , , and .
Therefore, the sum has at least three different prime divisors (in fact, it has five).