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IRL ABooklet

Geometry Difficulty 5.6 AIME, harder Prove it Ireland

A trapezium ABCDABCD, in which ABAB is parallel to DCDC, is inscribed in a circle of radius RR and centre OO. The non-parallel sides DADA and CBCB are extended to meet at PP while diagonals ACAC and BDBD intersect at EE.
Prove that ∣OE∣⋅∣OP∣=R2|OE| \cdot |OP| = R^2.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

Let FF be the mid-point if ABAB, then PP, EE, OO, FF are collinear. We have ∠AOB=2∠ACB\angle AOB = 2\angle ACB, hence using symmetry, ∠FOB=∠ACB\angle FOB = \angle ACB. This implies that CEOBCEOB is a cyclic quadrilateral, which implies
∠ECO=∠EBO. \angle ECO = \angle EBO.
From △EOB\triangle EOB we have ∠EBO=∠FOB−∠BEO\angle EBO = \angle FOB - \angle BEO. By symmetry, ∠BEO=∠DEP=∠CEP\angle BEO = \angle DEP = \angle CEP, hence ∠EBO=∠FOB−∠CEP=∠ACB−∠CEP=∠OPC\angle EBO = \angle FOB - \angle CEP = \angle ACB - \angle CEP = \angle OPC. This implies ∠ECO=∠OPC\angle ECO = \angle OPC, hence triangles POCPOC and COECOE are similar and so, using ∣OC∣=∣OB∣,|OC| = |OB|,
∣OE∣∣OB∣=∣OB∣∣OP∣ \frac{|OE|}{|OB|} = \frac{|OB|}{|OP|}
which gives ∣OE∣⋅∣OP∣=∣OB∣2=R2|OE| \cdot |OP| = |OB|^2 = R^2.

Solution 2

From △BOD\triangle BOD we see that ∠OBE=(180∘−∠BOD)/2\angle OBE = (180^\circ - \angle BOD)/2. The central angle ∠BOD\angle BOD stands on the same arc as ∠BAD\angle BAD, hence ∠BOD=2∠BAD=2∠ABC\angle BOD = 2\angle BAD = 2\angle ABC, by symmetry. Finally, because POPO is perpendicular to ABAB, we have 90∘−∠ABC=∠OPB90^\circ - \angle ABC = \angle OPB. Altogether we obtain ∠OBE=∠OPB\angle OBE = \angle OPB. As △OBE\triangle OBE and △OPB\triangle OPB share an angle at OO, it follows now that these two triangles are similar. This implies
∣OE∣∣OB∣=∣OB∣∣OP∣ \frac{|OE|}{|OB|} = \frac{|OB|}{|OP|}
which gives ∣OE∣⋅∣OP∣=∣OB∣2=R2|OE| \cdot |OP| = |OB|^2 = R^2.

Considering the external angle of △AEB\triangle AEB at EE we see that ∠CEB=∠CAB+∠DBA=2∠CAB\angle CEB = \angle CAB + \angle DBA = 2\angle CAB, because of symmetry. The Central Angle Theorem gives now ∠COB=2∠CAB=∠CEB\angle COB = 2\angle CAB = \angle CEB, hence CEOBCEOB is a cyclic quadrilateral. By reflection symmetry, DEOADEOA is cyclic as well.
Inversion in the circle through ABCDABCD maps the line PBPB to the circumcircle of COBCOB and the line PAPA to the circumcircle of DOADOA. Hence, the point PP is inverted to the intersection point (different from OO) of these two circles, which is EE. This means that ∣OE∣⋅∣OP∣=R2|OE| \cdot |OP| = R^2.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.