Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.1 AIME, harder Prove it United States

Problem:

Let ABCDABCD be a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle with center OO. Let PP denote the intersection of ACAC and BDBD. Let MM and NN denote the midpoints of ADAD and BCBC. If AP=1AP=1, BP=3BP=3, DP=3DP=\sqrt{3}, and ACAC is perpendicular to BDBD, find the area of triangle MONMON.

Solution

Solution:

Answer: 34\frac{3}{4}

We first prove that ONPMONPM is a parallelogram. Note that APDAPD and BPCBPC are both 30609030^{\circ}-60^{\circ}-90^{\circ} triangles. Let MM' denote the intersection of MPMP and BCBC. Since BPM=MPD=30\angle BPM' = \angle MPD = 30^{\circ}, we have MPBCMP \perp BC. Since ONON is the perpendicular bisector of BCBC, we have MPNOMP \parallel NO. Similarly, we have MONPMO \parallel NP. Thus ONPMONPM is a parallelogram.

It follows that the area of triangle MONMON is equal to the area of triangle MPNMPN, which is equal to 1213sinMPN=1213sin150=34\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 \cdot 3 \cdot \sin \angle MPN = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 \cdot 3 \cdot \sin 150^{\circ} = \frac{3}{4}.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.