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China Southeastern Mathematical Olympiad

Geometry Difficulty 6.7 National Olympiad Prove it China

Let ⊙I\odot I be the incircle of △ABC\triangle ABC with AB>ACAB > AC. ⊙I\odot I is tangent to BCBC and ADAD at DD and EE, respectively. The tangent line EPEP of ⊙I\odot I intersects the extended line of BCBC at PP. Segment CFCF is parallel to PEPE and intersects ADAD at point FF. Line BFBF intersects ⊙I\odot I at points MM and NN such that MM is on segment BFBF. Segment PMPM intersects ⊙I\odot I at the other point QQ. Prove that ∠ENP=∠ENQ\angle ENP = \angle ENQ.

Solution

Therefore, ∠IGP=∠IEP=90∘\angle IGP = \angle IEP = 90^\circ, that is, IG⊥PGIG \perp PG. Hence, points PP, SS and TT are collinear.

Line PSTPST intersects △ABC\triangle ABC. By Menelaus' Theorem, we have
ASSC⋅CPPB⋅BTTA=1. \frac{AS}{SC} \cdot \frac{CP}{PB} \cdot \frac{BT}{TA} = 1.
Since AS=ATAS = AT, CS=CDCS = CD and BT=BDBT = BD, we have
PCPB⋅BDCD=1.1◯ \frac{PC}{PB} \cdot \frac{BD}{CD} = 1. \qquad \textcircled{1}
Let the extension of BNBN intersect PEPE at point HH. Then line BFHBFH intersects △PDE\triangle PDE. By Menelaus' Theorem,
PHHE⋅EFFD⋅DBBP=1. \frac{PH}{HE} \cdot \frac{EF}{FD} \cdot \frac{DB}{BP} = 1.
Since CFCF is parallel to BEBE, EFFD=PCCD\frac{EF}{FD} = \frac{PC}{CD}, we have
PHHE⋅PCCD⋅DBBP=1.2◯ \frac{PH}{HE} \cdot \frac{PC}{CD} \cdot \frac{DB}{BP} = 1. \qquad \textcircled{2}
By ① and ②, we have PH=HEPH = HE. Hence, PH2=HE2=HM⋅HNPH^2 = HE^2 = HM \cdot HN. Thus, we have PHHM=HNPH\frac{PH}{HM} = \frac{HN}{PH}, △PHN∼△MHP\triangle PHN \sim \triangle MHP and ∠HPN=∠HMP=∠NEQ\angle HPN = \angle HMP = \angle NEQ. Further, since ∠PEN=∠EQN\angle PEN = \angle EQN, therefore ∠ENP=∠ENQ\angle ENP = \angle ENQ. □\square

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