Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / NMO Selection Tests for JBMO /18 of 58

NMO Selection Tests for JBMO

Geometry Difficulty 5.5 AIME, harder Prove it Romania

Let ABCABC be a non-equilateral triangle such that m(∠A)=60∘m(\angle A) = 60^\circ. Let DD and EE be the intersection points of the Euler line of triangle ABCABC and the sides of the angle ∠BAC\angle BAC. Prove that the triangle ADEADE is equilateral.

Solution

Let HH and OO be the orthocenter and the circumcenter of ABCABC, RR the radius of the circumcenter; then OHOH meets the line ABAB at DD and the line ACAC at EE. Let B′B' be the foot of the altitude from BB and C′C' be the foot of the altitude from CC.

Since BCC′B′BCC'B' is a cyclic quadrilateral we have ∠AB′C′≡∠ABC\angle AB'C' \equiv \angle ABC. Hence △AB′C′∼△ABC\triangle AB'C' \sim \triangle ABC, having the similarity ratio AC′AC=cos⁡(BAC^)=12\frac{AC'}{AC} = \cos(\widehat{BAC}) = \frac{1}{2}. It follows that the similarity ratio is the same with the ratio of the diameters of the circumcircles of triangles AB′C′AB'C' and ABCABC, so AH2R=12\frac{AH}{2R} = \frac{1}{2}, which leads to AH=R=AOAH = R = AO. (1)

It is known that the rays (AHAH and (AOAO are isogonal, so ∠BAO≡∠CAH\angle BAO \equiv \angle CAH. (2) From (1) it results that ∠AOH≡∠AHO\angle AOH \equiv \angle AHO, so ∠AOD≡∠AHE\angle AOD \equiv \angle AHE. Using (1) and (2), it follows that triangles AODAOD and AHEAHE are congruent, so AD=AEAD = AE and the conclusion follows.

Figure 1

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,604 problems in a working order, from Junior Challenge level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.