Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 6.6 National Olympiad Prove it JBMO

Problem:
Let ABCA B C be a non-isosceles triangle with incenter II. Let DD be a point on the segment BCB C such that the circumcircle of BIDB I D intersects the segment ABA B at EBE \neq B, and the circumcircle of CIDC I D intersects the segment ACA C at FCF \neq C. The circumcircle of DEFD E F intersects ABA B and ACA C at the second points MM and NN respectively. Let PP be the point of intersection of IBI B and DED E, and let QQ be the point of intersection of ICI C and DFD F. Prove that the three lines EN,FME N, F M and PQP Q are parallel.

Solution

Solution:
Since BDIEB D I E is cyclic, and BIB I is the bisector of DBE\angle D B E, then ID=IEI D = I E. Similarly, ID=IFI D = I F, so II is the circumcenter of the triangle DEFD E F.

We also have
IEA=IDB=IFC \angle I E A = \angle I D B = \angle I F C
which implies that AEIFA E I F is cyclic. We can assume that A,E,MA, E, M and A,N,FA, N, F are collinear in that order. Then IEM=IFN\angle I E M = \angle I F N. Since also IM=IE=IN=IFI M = I E = I N = I F, the two isosceles triangles IEMI E M and INFI N F are congruent, thus EM=FNE M = F N and therefore ENE N is parallel to FMF M.

From that, we can also see that the two triangles IEAI E A and INAI N A are congruent, which implies that AIA I is the perpendicular bisector of ENE N and MFM F.

Note that IDP=IDE=IBE=IBD\angle I D P = \angle I D E = \angle I B E = \angle I B D, so the triangles IPDI P D and IDBI D B are similar, which implies that IDIB=IPID\frac{I D}{I B} = \frac{I P}{I D} and IPIB=ID2I P \cdot I B = I D^{2}. Similarly, we have IQIC=ID2I Q \cdot I C = I D^{2}, thus IPIB=IQICI P \cdot I B = I Q \cdot I C. This implies that BPQCB P Q C is cyclic, which leads to
IPQ=ICB=C^2 \angle I P Q = \angle I C B = \frac{\hat{C}}{2}
But AIB=90+C^2\angle A I B = 90^{\circ} + \frac{\hat{C}}{2}, so AIA I is perpendicular to PQP Q. Hence, PQP Q is parallel to ENE N and FMF M.

Figure 1

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