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Ukrainian Mathematical Olympiad

Algebra Difficulty 5.3 AIME, harder Prove it Ukraine

a) Find all real numbers xx such that
x2+1x2+2x=1 x^2 + \frac{1}{x^2 + 2x} = 1

b) Find all pairs of positive real numbers xx and yy such that
x2+y2+1x2+2x+1y2+2y=2 x^2 + y^2 + \frac{1}{x^2 + 2x} + \frac{1}{y^2 + 2y} = 2

Solution

a. Відповідь: x=−1±52x = \frac{-1 \pm \sqrt{5}}{2}.
Дане рівняння можна записати у вигляді
x2+2x+1x2+2x=2(x+1)−1. x^2 + 2x + \frac{1}{x^2 + 2x} = 2(x + 1) - 1.
1x2+2x((x2+2x)−(x+1))2=0. \frac{1}{x^2 + 2x} \left( (x^2 + 2x) - (x + 1) \right)^2 = 0.

b. Відповідь: x=y=−1+52x = y = \frac{-1 + \sqrt{5}}{2}.
Маємо:
x2+2x+y2+2y+1x2+2x+1y2+2y=2(x+1)+2(y+1)−2, x^2 + 2x + y^2 + 2y + \frac{1}{x^2 + 2x} + \frac{1}{y^2 + 2y} = 2(x + 1) + 2(y + 1) - 2,
1x2+2x((x2+2x)−(x+1))2+1y2+2y((y2+2y)−(y+1))2=0. \frac{1}{x^2 + 2x} \left( (x^2 + 2x) - (x + 1) \right)^2 + \frac{1}{y^2 + 2y} \left( (y^2 + 2y) - (y + 1) \right)^2 = 0.
Отже, оскільки x>0x > 0 і y>0y > 0, то x2+x−1=0x^2 + x - 1 = 0 і y2+y−1=0y^2 + y - 1 = 0.

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