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Geometry Difficulty 7.0 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it Ukraine

In a triangle ABCABC with an angle A=60\angle A = 60^\circ, the Euler line intersects the circumcircle of the triangle at the points UU and VV. ADAD is the height ΔABC\Delta ABC and ω\omega is the nine-point circle. The circumcircle Ω\Omega of triangle ΔUVD\Delta UVD intersects the ω\omega for the second time at the point KK. SS is a point such that KSKS – diameter of ω\omega. Prove that ASAS is the symmedian of ΔABC\Delta ABC.

An Euler line is a line through the orthocenter, the center of the circumcenter, and the point where the medians of the triangle intersect.
The nine-point circle is the circle on which the bases of the heights, the midpoints of the sides, and the midpoints of the segments between the vertices and the orthocenter lie.
The symmedian of a triangle from a vertex is a line symmetric to the median from the vertex about the bisector from the vertex.

Figure 1
Fig. 23

Solution

Let HH and OO be the orthocentre and the centre of the circumcircle of ABC\triangle ABC respectively, and EE be the centre of ω\omega. Then, as you know EE be the centre of HOHO. Let MM be the midpoint of BCBC. Let the circle Ω\Omega intersect BCBC for the second time at point XX. Since CAB=60\angle CAB = 60^\circ, then BHC=BOC=120\angle BHC = \angle BOC = 120^\circ, so points B,H,OB, H, O and CC are on the same circle (fig. 23). Let TT be the point of intersection of the lines UVUV and BCBC, then, according to the degree of the point, TDTX=TUTV=TBTC=THTOTD \cdot TX = TU \cdot TV = TB \cdot TC = TH \cdot TO. Thus, the points lie on the same circle, and since HDX=90\angle HDX = 90^\circ, then HOX=90\angle HOX = 90^\circ, whence XOHOXO \perp HO. And remembering that OU=OVOU = OV, we get that XOXO bisects chord UVUV of the circle Ω\Omega, from where XOXO passes through the centre of the circle Ω\Omega, and hence XOXO passes through the point diametrically opposite to the point XX on the circle Ω\Omega. However XDA=90\angle XDA = 90^\circ, hence ZZ is the point diametrically opposite to XX on the circle ω\omega. So XOXO passes through ZZ. In the right BOM\triangle BOM, BOM=12BOC=BAC=60\angle BOM = \frac{1}{2}\angle BOC = \angle BAC = 60^\circ, so

AH=BO=AOAH = BO = AO. Thus, the condition BAC=60\angle BAC = 60^\circ implies that AH=AOAH = AO, and therefore AEHOAE \perp HO, with AEAE being the bisector HAO\angle HAO, and hence AEAE is also the bisector of CAB\angle CAB. The condition BAC=60\angle BAC = 60^\circ implies that the radius of the circle ω\omega is 12AO=12AH=OM\frac{1}{2}AO = \frac{1}{2}AH = OM. Since HOZ=90\angle HOZ = 90^\circ the condition AH=AOAH = AO implies that AA is the midpoint of the segment HZHZ. Denote by WW the point that is symmetric to OO with respect to MM. Then WW is also symmetric to OO with respect to BCBC, since OMBCOM \perp BC, so BW=WCBW = WC and BWC=120\angle BWC = 120^\circ, whence WW is the midpoint of the smaller arc BCBC of the circumcircle ABC\triangle ABC, and therefore WW lies on AEAE. Moreover, since OA=OWOA = OW and OEAWOE \perp AW, then EE is the midpoint of the segment AWAW. In the trapezoid ZOWHZOWH, AA and MM are the midpoints of the bases ZHZH and OWOW, so, by a well-known fact, the point of intersection of its diagonals ZWHOZW \cap HO lies on AMAM, but AMHO=GAM \cap HO = G is the centroid of ABC\triangle ABC, so GG lies on ZWZW. Let us prove the collinearity of the points Z,KZ, K and WW, which implies that G,K,ZG, K, Z and WW lie on the same line. To do this, let KK' be the projection of point XX onto ZWZW. Moreover, since OA=OWOA=OW, and OEAWOE \perp AW, EE is the midpoint of the segment AWAW. In the trapezoid ZOWHZOWH, AA and MM are the midpoints of the bases ZHZH and OWOW, so, by a well-known fact, the point of intersection of its diagonals ZWHOZW \cap HO lies on AMAM, but AMHO=GAM \cap HO=G is the centroid of ABC\triangle ABC, so GG lies on ZWZW. Let us prove the collinearity of the points Z,KZ, K and WW, which implies that G,K,ZG, K, Z and WW lie on the same line. To do this, let KK' be the projection of point XX onto ZWZW. Then, since, XKZ=XDZ=90\angle XK'Z = \angle XDZ = 90^\circ, the points X,Z,DX, Z, D to KK' are cyclic, and therefore KK' lies on the circle Ω\Omega. However KK' lies on ZWZW, so to prove the collinearity of the points Z,KZ, K and WW, it is enough to show that KK' lies on the circle ω\omega, which implies that KK' is the second intersection of the circles Ω\Omega and ω\omega, i.e. K=KK' = K, and therefore KK like KK' will lie on the line ZWZW. We have that, WKX=WMX=90\angle WK'X = \angle WMX = 90^\circ, so the points X,M,KX, M, K' and WW lie on the same circle, and hence MKX=MWX=MOX\angle MK'X = \angle MWX = \angle MOX (this equality is obtained from the axial symmetry of points OO and WW with respect to line BCBC). However, the two lines ZDZD and OMOM are perpendicular to BCBC, so they are parallel, so MOX=DZX\angle MOX = \angle DZX, i.e. MKX=DZX\angle MK'X = \angle DZX. Since the points X,Z,KX, Z, K' and DD are cyclic, then DKX=180DZX\angle DK'X = 180^\circ - \angle DZX. Therefore
DKM=DKXMKX=180DZXDZX=1802DZX. \angle DK'M = \angle DK'X - \angle MK'X = 180^\circ - \angle DZX - \angle DZX = 180^\circ - 2\angle DZX.

DKM=1802DZX=1802DAE=180DAO. \angle DK'M = 180^\circ - 2\angle DZX = 180^\circ - 2\angle DAE = 180^\circ - \angle DAO.
Let NN be the midpoint of AHAH, then, as we know, NN lies on ω\omega, and MDN\angle MDN is right, so MNMN is the diameter of the circle ω\omega, so the points M,EM, E and NN are collinear. Moreover, since AN=12AH=OMAN = \frac{1}{2}AH = OM and AHOMAH\parallel OM, then AOMNAOMN is a parallelogram, hence MNAOMN\parallel AO, and therefore DAO=DNM\angle DAO = \angle DNM. Thus, as we proved above, DKM=180DAO=180DNM\angle DK'M = 180^\circ - \angle DAO = 180^\circ - \angle DNM, and hence DKM+DNM=180\angle DK'M + \angle DNM = 180^\circ, so the point KK' lies on the circumcircle ΔDNM\Delta DNMω\omega, which proves the collinearity of points G,K,ZG, K, Z and WW. In particular points G,KG, K and WW lie on the same line. Let PP be a point symmetric to MM with respect to HOHO. Then, since AA and WW are also symmetric with respect to HOHO, then APMWAPMW is an isosceles trapezoid, so the point of intersection of its diagonals PWAMPW \cap AM lies on HOHO. However G=HOAMG = HO \cap AM, so TT lies on GWGW, which passes through KK. So SS is the second intersection of KEKE and the circle ω\omega. Then KSM=KTM\angle KSM = \angle KTM, and from the isosceles trapezoid APMWAPMW, KTM=EAM\angle KTM = \angle EAM, so EAM=ESM\angle EAM = \angle ESM, from which points A,S,EA, S, E and MM lie on the same circle, but ES=EMES = EM, from which AEAE is the bisector of SAM\angle SAM, that is ASAS is the symmedian ΔABC\Delta ABC, which was the proof.

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