Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2009

Geometry Difficulty 5.2 AIME, harder Prove it India

Let ABCABC be a triangle in which AB>ACAB > AC; AMAM be the median and AKAK be the angle bisector with M,KM, K on BCBC. Let LL be a point on AMAM such that KLKL is parallel to ACAC. Prove that CLCL is perpendicular to AKAK.

Solution

Figure 1

Extend AKAK to meet the circum-circle of ABCABC in DD, and join MDMD. Let PP be the point of intersection of AKAK and CLCL. Observe that DMK=90\angle DMK = 90^\circ and D,M,OD, M, O are collinear. We show that DMKDMK is similar to CPKCPK, which proves that CLCL is perpendicular to AKAK. It is sufficient to prove that KD/KC=KM/KPKD/KC = KM/KP. But AKKD=BKKCAK \cdot KD = BK \cdot KC, which gives KD/KC=BK/AKKD/KC = BK/AK. Thus we need to prove that
KMKP=BKAK. \frac{KM}{KP} = \frac{BK}{AK}.

Since CLCL is a transversal in the triangle AMKAMK. Menelaus' theorem gives
PAKP=ALMCLMCK. \frac{PA}{KP} = \frac{AL \cdot MC}{LM \cdot CK}.
But KLKL is parallel to CACA, so that AL/LM=CK/KMAL/LM = CK/KM. This implies that
PAKP=CMKM. \frac{PA}{KP} = \frac{CM}{KM}.
Thus
AKKP=CM+MKKM. \frac{AK}{KP} = \frac{CM + MK}{KM}.
All we need to show is BK=CM+MKBK = CM + MK. Since BM=MCBM = MC, the result follows.

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