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Algebra Difficulty 7.8 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it Balkan Mathematical Olympiad

Let m1m_1, m2m_2, m3m_3, n1n_1, n2n_2 and n3n_3 be positive real numbers such that
(m1n1)(m2n2)(m3n3)=m1m2m3n1n2n3. (m_1 - n_1)(m_2 - n_2)(m_3 - n_3) = m_1 m_2 m_3 - n_1 n_2 n_3.
Prove that
(m1+n1)(m2+n2)(m3+n3)8m1m2m3. (m_1 + n_1)(m_2 + n_2)(m_3 + n_3) \geq 8m_1 m_2 m_3.

Solution

Divide both sides of the given equality by m1m2m3m_1 m_2 m_3 and set a=n1m1a = \frac{n_1}{m_1}, b=n2m2b = \frac{n_2}{m_2} and c=n3m3c = \frac{n_3}{m_3}. The equality (m1n1)(m2n2)(m3n3)=m1m2m3n1n2n3(m_1 - n_1)(m_2 - n_2)(m_3 - n_3) = m_1 m_2 m_3 - n_1 n_2 n_3 becomes
(1a)(1b)(1c)=1abc    a+b+c=ab+bc+ca (1 - a)(1 - b)(1 - c) = 1 - abc \iff a + b + c = ab + bc + ca
and we have to show that
(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)8    a+b+c+ab+ba+ca+abc7.(1) (a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1) \geq 8 \iff a + b + c + ab + ba + ca + abc \geq 7. \quad (1)
Let a+b+c=ab+bc+ca=ta + b + c = ab + bc + ca = t. Since (a+b+c)23(ab+bc+ca)(a + b + c)^2 \geq 3(ab + bc + ca), we have t23tt^2 \geq 3t, i.e. t3t \geq 3. Furthermore
a3+b3+c3(a2+b2+c2)2a+b+c=(t22t)2t=t(t2)2 a^3 + b^3 + c^3 \geq \frac{(a^2 + b^2 + c^2)^2}{a + b + c} = \frac{(t^2 - 2t)^2}{t} = t(t - 2)^2
and
a3+b3+c3=(a+b+c)(a2+b2+c2abbcca)+3abc=t(t23t)+3abc a^3 + b^3 + c^3 = (a + b + c)(a^2 + b^2 + c^2 - ab - bc - ca) + 3abc = t(t^2 - 3t) + 3abc
imply 3abct(t2)2t2(t3)=4tt23abc \geq t(t-2)^2 - t^2(t-3) = 4t - t^2. Since (1) is equivalent to 2t+abc72t + abc \geq 7, which is true for t32t \geq \frac{3}{2}, it suffices to show that 2t+4tt2372t + \frac{4t - t^2}{3} \geq 7 for t[3,32]t \in [3, \frac{3}{2}]. The latter is equivalent to (t3)(t7)0(t-3)(t-7) \leq 0, which is true for t[3,7]t \in [3, 7].

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