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Estonia — Open Contests

Number theory Difficulty 5.3 AIME, harder Prove it Estonia

Find all positive integers which are exactly 20132013 times bigger than the sum of their digits.

Solution

Note that the minimal value of a kk-digit number is 10k−110^{k-1} and the maximal value of the cross-sum multiplied by 20132013 is 9k⋅20139k \cdot 2013. Since 9⋅7⋅2013=126819<10000009 \cdot 7 \cdot 2013 = 126819 < 1000000 we can consider only numbers with up to 66 digits. Since then the cross-sum is at most 5454, it is enough to consider numbers in the form n⋅2013n \cdot 2013 with 1≤n≤541 \le n \le 54.

Since 20132013 is divisible by 33, n⋅2013n \cdot 2013 and its cross-sum are divisible by 33. Since the cross-sum must be equal to nn, n⋅2013n \cdot 2013 is divisible by 99. But then its cross-sum and hence also nn is divisible by 99. It remains to consider the cases n=9,18,…,54n = 9, 18, \dots, 54 which can be checked by hand and see that only n=18n = 18 satisfies the conditions.

Answer: 3623436234.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.