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Geometry Difficulty 7.6 National Olympiad, round 2 Prove it European Girls' Mathematical Olympiad (EGMO)

Problem:

Let ABCDABCD be a convex quadrilateral with DAB=BCD=90\angle DAB = \angle BCD = 90^{\circ} and ABC>CDA\angle ABC > \angle CDA. Let QQ and RR be points on the segments BCBC and CDCD, respectively, such that the line QRQR intersects lines ABAB and ADAD at points PP and SS, respectively. It is given that PQ=RSPQ = RS. Let the midpoint of BDBD be MM and the midpoint of QRQR be NN. Prove that M,N,AM, N, A and CC lie on a circle.

Solutions — 3

Solution 1

Solution:

Note that NN is also the midpoint of PSPS. From right-angled triangles PASPAS and CQRCQR we obtain ANP=2ASP\angle ANP = 2 \angle ASP, CNQ=2CRQ\angle CNQ = 2 \angle CRQ, hence
ANC=ANP+CNQ=2(ASP+CRQ)=2(RSD+DRS)=2ADC. \angle ANC = \angle ANP + \angle CNQ = 2(\angle ASP + \angle CRQ) = 2(\angle RSD + \angle DRS) = 2 \angle ADC.
Similarly, using right-angled triangles BADBAD and BCDBCD, we obtain AMC=2ADC\angle AMC = 2 \angle ADC.
Thus AMC=ANC\angle AMC = \angle ANC, and the required statement follows.

Figure 1

Solution 2

Solution:

In this proof we show that we have NCM=NAM\angle NCM = \angle NAM instead. From right-angled triangles BCDBCD and QCRQCR we get DRS=CRQ=RCN\angle DRS = \angle CRQ = \angle RCN and BDC=DCM\angle BDC = \angle DCM. Hence NCM=DCMRCN\angle NCM = \angle DCM - \angle RCN. From right-angled triangle APSAPS we get PSA=SAN\angle PSA = \angle SAN. From right-angled triangle BADBAD we have MAD=BDA\angle MAD = \angle BDA. Moreover, BDA=DRS+RSDRDB\angle BDA = \angle DRS + \angle RSD - \angle RDB.
Therefore NAM=NASMAD=CDBDRS=NCM\angle NAM = \angle NAS - \angle MAD = \angle CDB - \angle DRS = \angle NCM, and the required statement follows.

Solution 3

Solution:

As NN is also the midpoint of PSPS, we can shrink triangle APSAPS to a triangle A0QRA_0 QR (where PP is sent to QQ and SS is sent to RR). Then A0,Q,RA_0, Q, R and CC lie on a circle with center NN. According to the shrinking, the line A0RA_0R is parallel to the line ADAD. Therefore CNA=CNA0=2CRA0=2CDA=CMA\angle CNA = \angle CNA_0 = 2 \angle CRA_0 = 2 \angle CDA = \angle CMA. The required statement follows.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.