Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 8.2 Shortlist Prove it IMO

Let ABCABC be a triangle with BCA=90\angle BCA = 90^{\circ}, and let C0C_0 be the foot of the altitude from CC. Choose a point XX in the interior of the segment CC0CC_0, and let K,LK, L be the points on the segments AX,BXAX, BX for which BK=BCBK = BC and AL=ACAL = AC respectively. Denote by MM the intersection of ALAL and BKBK. Show that MK=MLMK = ML.

Solution

Let CC' be the reflection of CC in the line ABAB, and let ω1\omega_1 and ω2\omega_2 be the circles with centers AA and BB, passing through LL and KK respectively. Since AC=AC=ALAC' = AC = AL and BC=BC=BKBC' = BC = BK, both ω1\omega_1 and ω2\omega_2 pass through CC and CC'. By BCA=90\angle BCA = 90^{\circ}, ACAC is tangent to ω2\omega_2 at CC, and BCBC is tangent to ω1\omega_1 at CC. Let K1KK_1 \neq K be the second intersection of AXAX and ω2\omega_2, and let L1LL_1 \neq L be the second intersection of BXBX and ω1\omega_1.
Figure 1
By the powers of XX with respect to ω2\omega_2 and ω1\omega_1,
XKXK1=XCXC=XLXL1, XK \cdot XK_1 = XC \cdot XC' = XL \cdot XL_1,
so the points K1,L,K,L1K_1, L, K, L_1 lie on a circle ω3\omega_3.
The power of AA with respect to ω2\omega_2 gives
AL2=AC2=AKAK1, AL^2 = AC^2 = AK \cdot AK_1,
indicating that ALAL is tangent to ω3\omega_3 at LL. Analogously, BKBK is tangent to ω3\omega_3 at KK. Hence MKMK and MLML are the two tangents from MM to ω3\omega_3 and therefore MK=MLMK = ML.

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