Maths Olympiad Prep

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Combinatorics Difficulty 4.2 AIME Find the answer United States

Problem:

Count how many 8-digit numbers there are that contain exactly four nines as digits.

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

Solution:

There are (84)94\binom{8}{4} \cdot 9^{4} sequences of 8 numbers with exactly four nines. A sequence of digits of length 8 is not an 8-digit number, however, if and only if the first digit is zero. There are (74)93\binom{7}{4} 9^{3}-digit sequences that are not 8-digit numbers. The answer is thus (84)94(74)93=433755\binom{8}{4} \cdot 9^{4} - \binom{7}{4} 9^{3} = 433755.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.