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Geometry Difficulty 8.3 Shortlist Prove it Turkey

In a triangle ABCABC with incenter II, the incircle of ABCABC touches the side [BC][BC] at the point DD and let TT be the midpoint of the line segment [ID][ID]. The line passing through II and perpendicular to ADAD intersects the lines ABAB and ACAC at the points KK and LL, respectively. The line passing through TT and perpendicular to ADAD intersects the lines ABAB and ACAC at the points MM and NN, respectively. Show that KMLN=BMCNKM \cdot LN = BM \cdot CN.

Solution

Let the incircle of ABCABC touch the sides [AB][AB] and [AC][AC] at the points FF and EE, respectively. Let AE=AF=xAE = AF = x, BD=BF=yBD = BF = y and CD=CE=zCD = CE = z. Let the line passing through DD and parallel to ACAC intersect ABAB at PP and the line passing through DD and parallel to ABAB intersect ACAC at QQ. Then BPDBACBPD \sim BAC with similarity ratio yy+z\frac{y}{y+z} and DQCBACDQC \sim BAC with similarity ratio zy+z\frac{z}{y+z}.

Let C1C_1 and C2C_2 be the incircles of the triangles BPDBPD and DQCDQC with centers I1I_1 and I2I_2, respectively. Let C1C_1 touch the lines BCBC and ABAB at the points U1U_1 and U2U_2, respectively, and C2C_2 touch the lines BCBC and ACAC at the points V1V_1 and V2V_2, respectively. By the similarity we have DU1=yzy+zDU_1 = \frac{yz}{y+z}, BU2=y2y+zBU_2 = \frac{y^2}{y+z}, DV1=yzy+zDV_1 = \frac{yz}{y+z} and CV2=z2y+zCV_2 = \frac{z^2}{y+z}. As DU1=DV1DU_1 = DV_1, we see that DD is on the radical axis of C1C_1 and C2C_2.

AU2=ABBU2=x+yy2y+z=xy+yz+xzy+zAU_2 = AB - BU_2 = x + y - \frac{y^2}{y+z} = \frac{xy + yz + xz}{y+z} and AV2=ACCV2=x+zz2y+z=xy+yz+xzy+zAV_2 = AC - CV_2 = x + z - \frac{z^2}{y+z} = \frac{xy + yz + xz}{y+z}. Therefore AA is on the radical axis of C1C_1 and C2C_2 as well and hence ACAC is the radical axis of these circles. Thus we have ADI1I2AD \perp I_1I_2.

Note that the intersection of the lines BI1BI_1 and CI2CI_2 is II. That is easy to see that DI1I2DI_1I_2 is a parallelogram. Therefore TT is the intersection point of the line segments [ID][ID] and [I1I2][I_1I_2], hence M,I1,I2M, I_1, I_2 and NN are collinear. As PU1ADPU_1 \parallel AD, we have I1MPU1I_1M \perp PU_1. The similarity of BPDBPD and BACBAC gives BKBM=y+zy\frac{BK}{BM} = \frac{y+z}{y}, that is KMBM=zy\frac{KM}{BM} = \frac{z}{y}. Similarly we get LNCN=yz\frac{LN}{CN} = \frac{y}{z} and we are done.

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