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Algebra Difficulty 6.0 AIME, harder Prove it Bulgaria

Find all functions f:R+R+f: \mathbb{R}^+ \to \mathbb{R}^+, that satisfy the inequalities
(i) f(x+y)f(x)+yf(x + y) \geq f(x) + y
(ii) f(f(x))xf(f(x)) \leq x
for all positive xx and yy.

Solution

It follows from (i) that ff is strictly increasing function. Also, (ii) implies
x+yf(f(x+y)).(1) x + y \geq f(f(x + y)). \qquad (1)

Furthermore, (i) gives f(f(x+y))f(f(x)+y)f(f(x+y)) \ge f(f(x)+y) and the substitution xyx \to y and yf(x)y \to f(x) in (i) implies f(f(x)+y)f(x)+f(y)f(f(x)+y) \ge f(x)+f(y).
Since ff is increasing we have limx0+f(x)=infx>0f(x)=0\lim_{x \to 0^+} f(x) = \inf_{x>0} f(x) = \ell \ge 0. Note that (ii) implies limx0+f(f(x))=0\lim_{x \to 0^+} f(f(x)) = 0.
Assume >0\ell > 0. Since ff is increasing we have f(f(x))f()>0f(f(x)) \ge f(\ell) > 0, a contradiction to limx0+f(f(x))=0\lim_{x \to 0^+} f(f(x)) = 0. Therefore =0\ell = 0 and limx0+f(x)=0\lim_{x \to 0^+} f(x) = 0. Letting y0+y \to 0^+ in (1) we obtain xf(x)x \ge f(x) for all positive xx. It follows now from (i) that
x+yf(x+y)f(x)+y,xf(x)f(x+y)f(x)y0. x + y \ge f(x + y) \ge f(x) + y, \\ x - f(x) \ge f(x + y) - f(x) - y \ge 0.
Fix x+yx+y and let x0+x \to 0^+ in the above inequalities. We have f(x+y)=x+yf(x+y) = x+y meaning that f(x)=xf(x) = x for all positive xx. This function is obviously a solution to the problem.

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