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Geometry Difficulty 6.3 National olympiad Prove it Russia

A quadrilateral ABCDABCD is inscribed into a circle with diameter ACAC. Let KK and MM be respectively the projections of AA and CC onto the line BDBD. Point PP is chosen on ACAC so that PKBCPK \parallel BC. Prove that KPM=90\angle KPM = 90^\circ. (T. Emelyanova)

Четырёхугольник ABCDABCD вписан в окружность с диаметром ACAC. Точки KK и MM — проекции вершин AA и CC соответственно на прямую BDBD. Через точку KK проведена прямая, параллельная BCBC и пересекающая ACAC в точке PP. Докажите, что угол KPMKPM — прямой.
(Т. Емельянова)

Solution

First solution. Let EE be the intersection point of diagonals ACAC and BDBD. Assume for definiteness that point KK lies on segment BEBE. Let the line passing through KK and parallel to PMPM intersect ACAC at point NN (see Fig. 8). Then NKEPME\triangle NKE \sim \triangle PME (since their sides are parallel), hence PEEM=NEEK\frac{PE}{EM} = \frac{NE}{EK}. On the other hand, the right triangles AKEAKE and CMECME are also similar (by the acute angle at vertex EE), so EMEC=EKEA\frac{EM}{EC} = \frac{EK}{EA}. Multiplying the obtained equalities, we get PEEC=NEEA\frac{PE}{EC} = \frac{NE}{EA}. But by Thales' theorem PEEC=KEEB\frac{PE}{EC} = \frac{KE}{EB}.

Thus, we have NEEA=PEEC=KEEB\frac{NE}{EA} = \frac{PE}{EC} = \frac{KE}{EB}, whence KNABKN \parallel AB. Therefore, PMABBCKPPM \parallel AB \perp BC \parallel KP, as required.

Second solution. Again, let EE be the intersection point of diagonals ACAC and BDBD and consider the case when point KK lies on segment BEBE. Note that PAD=CAD=CBD=PKD\angle PAD = \angle CAD = \angle CBD = \angle PKD, that is, quadrilateral AKPDAKPD is cyclic (see Fig. 9). Therefore, AKD=APD=90\angle AKD = \angle APD = 90^\circ. Then from the relation CPD=CMD=90\angle CPD = \angle CMD = 90^\circ it follows that quadrilateral CPMDCPMD is also cyclic, whence KPM=180CPM=EDC=BAC=BAE\angle KPM = 180^\circ - \angle CPM = \angle EDC = \angle BAC = \angle BAE. From this it follows that PMABBCKPPM \parallel AB \perp BC \parallel KP, as required.

The case when KK lies on segment DEDE is considered similarly.

Figure 1

Figure 2

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