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Geometry Difficulty 4.8 AIME Prove it Saudi Arabia

In a triangle ABCA B C let OO be the circumcenter, HH the orthocenter, and MM the midpoint of the segment AHA H. The perpendicular at MM onto OMO M intersects lines ABA B and ACA C at PP and QQ, respectively. Prove that MP=MQM P = M Q.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

Consider PP' on ABA B, QQ' on ACA C such that APHQA P' H Q' is a parallelogram. We shall prove that PQOMP' Q' \perp O M. Let TT be the antipodal point of AA in the circumcircle of triangle ABCA B C. We have OMTHO M \parallel T H, hence it suffices to prove that PQTHP' Q' \perp T H.

Figure 1

Notice that BHAQB H \perp A Q', and CHAPC H \perp A P'. Since the diagonals AHA H and BCB C of parallelograms BTCHB T C H and APHQA P' H Q' are perpendicular, it follows that diagonals PQP' Q' and HTH T are also perpendicular. Therefore P=PP = P' and Q=QQ = Q', and we are done.

Figure 1

Solution 2

Let SS and TT be the midpoints of sides ACA C and ABA B, respectively. Quadrilateral MQSOM Q S O is cyclic, hence MQO^=MSO^\widehat{M Q O} = \widehat{M S O}. Quadrilateral MPTOM P T O is cyclic, hence we have MPO^=MTO^\widehat{M P O} = \widehat{M T O}.

Figure 2

Observe that MSOTM S O T is a parallelogram. Indeed, we have MSHCM S \parallel H C and CHABC H \perp A B implies SMABS M \perp A B, therefore AMOTA M \parallel O T. Also, we have MTHBM T \parallel H B and BHACB H \perp A C, implies TMACT M \perp A C, therefore TMOST M \parallel O S.

Finally, from MQO^=MPO^\widehat{M Q O} = \widehat{M P O}, it follows that triangle OQPO Q P is isosceles, that is OQ=OPO Q = O P. Since OMPQO M \perp P Q, the conclusion follows.

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