Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / NMO Selection Tests /15 of 23

NMO Selection Tests

Geometry Difficulty 8.5 Shortlist Prove it Romania

Let ABCABC be a scalene acute triangle with incentre II and circumcentre OO. Let AIAI cross BCBC at DD. On circle ABCABC, let XX and YY be the mid-arc points of ABCABC and BCABCA, respectively. Let DXDX cross CICI at EE and let DYDY cross BIBI at FF. Prove that the lines FXFX, EYEY and IOIO are concurrent on the external bisector of ∠BAC\angle BAC.

Solution

The argument hinges on the claim below:

Claim. The lines AEAE and BIBI are perpendicular; similarly, AFAF and CICI are perpendicular

Proof. Let α=∠BAC\alpha = \angle BAC, β=∠CAB\beta = \angle CAB and γ=∠ACB\gamma = \angle ACB. Let DXDX cross the circle ADCADC again at D′D'. Note that ∠ECX=∠ACX−∠ACE=90∘−β/2−γ/2=α/2=∠DAC=∠DD′C=∠XD′C\angle ECX = \angle ACX - \angle ACE = 90^\circ - \beta/2 - \gamma/2 = \alpha/2 = \angle DAC = \angle DD'C = \angle XD'C. As ∠CXE=∠CXD′\angle CXE = \angle CXD', triangles XCD′XCD' and XECXEC are similar, so XD′⋅XE=XC2XD' \cdot XE = XC^2.

As XA=XCXA = XC, it follows that XD′⋅XE=XA2XD' \cdot XE = XA^2, so triangles XD′AXD'A and XAEXAE are similar, so ∠XAE=∠AD′X=∠AD′D=∠ACD=γ\angle XAE = \angle AD'X = \angle AD'D = \angle ACD = \gamma.
Finally, note that ∠XAD=∠XAC−∠DAC=90∘−β/2−α/2=γ/2\angle XAD = \angle XAC - \angle DAC = 90^\circ - \beta/2 - \alpha/2 = \gamma/2, so ∠IAE=∠DAE=∠XAE−∠XAD=γ/2\angle IAE = \angle DAE = \angle XAE - \angle XAD = \gamma/2. As ∠AIB=90∘+γ/2\angle AIB = 90^\circ + \gamma/2, the claim follows.

Let WW be the mid-arc point of CABCAB and let I′I' be the reflection of II across OO. As W,X,YW, X, Y are the mid-arc points of CAB,ABC,BCACAB, ABC, BCA, respectively, their reflections across OO are the mid-arc points opposite. These latter form a triangle with orthocentre II, so I′I' is the orthocentre of triangle WXYWXY.
Reflection across OO maps lines XV,WYXV, WY and WXWX to the perpendicular bisectors of AI,BIAI, BI and CICI, respectively, so XY⊥AI,WY⊥BIXY \perp AI, WY \perp BI and WX⊥CIWX \perp CI. By the claim, AE⊥IFAE \perp IF and AF⊥IEAF \perp IE, so II is the orthocentre of triangle AEFAEF and hence EF⊥AIEF \perp AI as well.
Triangles AEFAEF and WXYWXY have therefore corresponding parallel sides, so they are homothetic from some point RR. This homothety maps II to I′I', as they are corresponding orthocentres. Hence the lines AW,EY,FYAW, EY, FY and II′II' are concurrent at RR. As I,OI, O and I′I' are collinear and AWAW is the external bisector of ∠BAC\angle BAC, the conclusion follows.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,604 problems in a working order, from Junior Challenge level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.