Find all pairs of real numbers (x,y) that satisfy {x+sinx=y,y+siny=x.
Solutions — 2
Solution 1
By adding the equations and simplifying we get sinx=−siny. Thus y=−x+2kπ or y=π+x+2kπ=x+(2k+1)π. In the second case we get that ∣y−x∣=∣(2k+1)π∣≥π, but from the first equality ∣y−x∣=∣sinx∣≤1<π, a contradiction. Therefore y=−x+2kπ, where k is an integer. By plugging this into the first equation we get 2x+sinx=2kπ after simplifying. We see that this is satisfied in case of any integer k by the value x=kπ; then also y=−kπ+2kπ=kπ. As f(x)=2x+sinx is an increasing function, there cannot be any other solutions to 2x+sinx=2kπ.
Solution 2
Function f(z)=z+sinz is strictly increasing, because its derivative f′(z)=1+cosz is positive everywhere, except for some isolated points. Therefore if x<y in case of some solution (x,y) to the system of equations, then y=x+sinx<y+siny=x, a contradiction. Analogously y<x gives a contradiction. In conclusion x=y is the only option. By substituting it in we get sinx=siny=0, from where x=y=kπ for any integer k. All pairs (kπ,kπ) indeed satisfy the given system of equations.
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