Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.2 AIME, harder Prove it Canada

Problem:

Let ABCABC be a triangle with incenter II. Suppose the reflection of ABAB across CICI and the reflection of ACAC across BIBI intersect at a point XX. Prove that XIXI is perpendicular to BCBC.

(The incenter is the point where the three angle bisectors meet.)

Solution

Solution:

Suppose the reflection of ACAC across BIBI intersects BCBC at EE. Define FF similarly for the reflection of ABAB across CICI. Also suppose CICI intersects ABAB at MM and BIBI intersects ACAC at NN. Since CACA and CF=BCCF = BC are reflections across CICI, and so are MAMA and MF=XMMF = XM, we have that AA and FF are reflections across CICI. Similarly AA and EE are reflections across BIBI.

Thus XFC=BAC=XEB\angle XFC = \angle BAC = \angle XEB if BAC\angle BAC is acute (and XFC=XEB=πBAC\angle XFC = \angle XEB = \pi - \angle BAC, when BAC\angle BAC is obtuse), so XF=XEXF = XE. Moreover we also find that IF=IA=IEIF = IA = IE by the aforementioned reflection properties, so thus XIXI is the perpendicular bisector of EFEF and is hence perpendicular to BCBC.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.