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Geometry Difficulty 6.2 National Olympiad Prove it Canada

Problem:
Let Γ\Gamma be a circle with radius rr. Let AA and BB be distinct points on Γ\Gamma such that AB<3rAB < \sqrt{3} r. Let the circle with centre BB and radius ABAB meet Γ\Gamma again at CC. Let PP be the point inside Γ\Gamma such that triangle ABPABP is equilateral. Finally, let CPCP meet Γ\Gamma again at QQ. Prove that PQ=rPQ = r.

Figure 1

Solution

Solution:
Let the center of Γ\Gamma be OO, the radius rr. Since BP=BCBP = BC, let θ=BPC=BCP\theta = \measuredangle BPC = \measuredangle BCP.

Quadrilateral QABCQABC is cyclic, so BAQ=180θ\measuredangle BAQ = 180^\circ - \theta and hence PAQ=120θ\measuredangle PAQ = 120^\circ - \theta.

Also APQ=180APBBPC=120θ\measuredangle APQ = 180^\circ - \measuredangle APB - \measuredangle BPC = 120^\circ - \theta, so PQ=AQPQ = AQ and AQP=2θ60\measuredangle AQP = 2\theta - 60^\circ.

Again because quadrilateral QABCQABC is cyclic, ABC=180AQC=2402θ\measuredangle ABC = 180^\circ - \measuredangle AQC = 240^\circ - 2\theta.

Triangles OABOAB and OCBOCB are congruent, since OA=OB=OC=rOA = OB = OC = r and AB=BCAB = BC.

Thus ABO=CBO=12ABC=120θ\measuredangle ABO = \measuredangle CBO = \frac{1}{2} \measuredangle ABC = 120^\circ - \theta.

We have now shown that in triangles AQPAQP and AOBAOB, PAQ=BAO=APQ=ABO\measuredangle PAQ = \measuredangle BAO = \measuredangle APQ = \measuredangle ABO.

Also AP=ABAP = AB, so AQPAOB\triangle AQP \cong \triangle AOB. Hence QP=OB=rQP = OB = r.

Let the center of Γ\Gamma be OO, the radius rr. Since A,PA, P and CC lie on a circle centered at BB, 60=ABP=2ACP60^\circ = \measuredangle ABP = 2 \measuredangle ACP, so ACP=ACQ=30\measuredangle ACP = \measuredangle ACQ = 30^\circ.

Since Q,AQ, A, and CC lie on Γ\Gamma, QOA=2QCA=60\measuredangle QOA = 2 \measuredangle QCA = 60^\circ.

So QA=rQA = r since if a chord of a circle subtends an angle of 6060^\circ at the center, its length is the radius of the circle.

Now BP=BCBP = BC, so BPC=BCP=ACB+30\measuredangle BPC = \measuredangle BCP = \measuredangle ACB + 30^\circ.

Thus APQ=180APBBPC=90ACB\measuredangle APQ = 180^\circ - \measuredangle APB - \measuredangle BPC = 90^\circ - \measuredangle ACB.

Since Q,A,BQ, A, B and CC lie on Γ\Gamma and AB=BCAB = BC, AQP=AQC=AQB+BQC=2ACB\measuredangle AQP = \measuredangle AQC = \measuredangle AQB + \measuredangle BQC = 2 \measuredangle ACB.

Finally, QAP=180AQPAPQ=90ACB\measuredangle QAP = 180 - \measuredangle AQP - \measuredangle APQ = 90 - \measuredangle ACB.

So PAQ=APQ\measuredangle PAQ = \measuredangle APQ hence PQ=AQ=rPQ = AQ = r.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.