Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 4.6 AIME Find the answer China

Suppose all the edges of regular triangular pyramid PP-ABCABC have length 11 and LL, MM, NN are the midpoints of edges PAPA, PBPB and PCPC, respectively. The area of the cross section of the circumscribed sphere of this regular triangular pyramid intercepted by plane LMNLMN is ______.

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

The given conditions show that plane LMNLMN is parallel to plane ABCABC and the ratio of the distances from point PP to planes LMNLMN and ABCABC is 1:21 : 2. Let HH be the centroid of face ABCABC in regular triangular pyramid PP-ABCABC and PHPH intersects plane LMNLMN at point KK. Then PHABCPH \perp ABC and PKLMNPK \perp LMN, and thus PK=12PHPK = \frac{1}{2}PH.

The regular triangular pyramid PP-ABCABC can be regarded as a regular tetrahedron. Let OO be the centre of its circumscribed sphere. Then OO is on PHPH and by the properties of regular tetrahedron we know that OH=14PHOH = \frac{1}{4}PH. By combining PK=12PHPK = \frac{1}{2}PH we know that OK=OHOK = OH, that is, point OO is equally distant to planes LMNLMN and ABCABC. This shows that the section circle of the circumscribed sphere of this regular triangular pyramid intercepted by planes LMNLMN and ABCABC is equal in size.

As a result, the area of the required cross section is equal to the area of the circumcircle of ABC\triangle ABC, namely, π(AB3)2=π3\pi \cdot \left(\frac{AB}{\sqrt{3}}\right)^2 = \frac{\pi}{3}.

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