Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2017

Algebra Difficulty 5.3 AIME, harder Prove it United States

Problem:

Let aa, bb, cc be non-negative real numbers such that ab+bc+ca=3ab + bc + ca = 3. Suppose that
a3b+b3c+c3a+2abc(a+b+c)=92 a^3 b + b^3 c + c^3 a + 2abc(a + b + c) = \frac{9}{2}
What is the minimum possible value of ab3+bc3+ca3ab^3 + bc^3 + ca^3?

Solution

Solution:

Expanding the inequality cycab(b+c2a)20\sum_{\text{cyc}} ab(b + c - 2a)^2 \geq 0 gives
(cycab3)+4(cyca3b)4(cyca2b2)abc(a+b+c)0 \left(\sum_{\text{cyc}} ab^3\right) + 4\left(\sum_{\text{cyc}} a^3 b\right) - 4\left(\sum_{\text{cyc}} a^2 b^2\right) - abc(a + b + c) \geq 0
Using (cyca3b)+2abc(a+b+c)=92\left(\sum_{\text{cyc}} a^3 b\right) + 2abc(a + b + c) = \frac{9}{2} in the inequality above yields
(cycab3)4(ab+bc+ca)2(cycab3)4(cyca2b2)9abc(a+b+c)18 \left(\sum_{\text{cyc}} ab^3\right) - 4(ab + bc + ca)^2 \geq \left(\sum_{\text{cyc}} ab^3\right) - 4\left(\sum_{\text{cyc}} a^2 b^2\right) - 9abc(a + b + c) \geq -18
Since ab+bc+ca=3ab + bc + ca = 3, we have cycab318\sum_{\text{cyc}} ab^3 \geq 18 as desired.

The equality occurs when (a,b,c)cyc(32,6,0)(a, b, c) \underset{\text{cyc}}{\sim} \left(\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}, \sqrt{6}, 0\right).

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.