In Greifswald, there are three schools called , , and , each of which is attended by at least one student. Among any three students from , from , and from there are two knowing each other and two others not knowing each other. Prove that either some student from knows all students from , or some student from knows all students from , or some student from knows all students from .
, 2011
Solution
Assume the contrary and let be a student from knowing as many students from as possible. As does not know all students from , there is a student from not known to . Similarly, we may pick a student from not known to and then a student from not known to . Applying the assumption to the sets of students and , we learn that and know each other, and so do and . As knows but not , we have . Moreover, the maximality condition imposed on tells us that some student from is known to but not to . Now if and knew each other, then any two students from would know one another, which is not possible. Thus and do not know each other, but this means that no two students from know one another, which is likewise impossible. Thereby the problem is solved.