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Geometry Difficulty 6.2 National Olympiad Prove it Bulgaria

Given a ABC\triangle ABC. A circle kk through AA and BB intersects the sides ACAC and BCBC at points LL and NN, respectively. Let MM be the midpoint of the arc LNLN lying in the triangle. Set AMBL=DAM \cap BL = D, AMBN=FAM \cap BN = F, BMAL=GBM \cap AL = G and BMAN=EBM \cap AN = E. Prove that:

a) DEFGDE\parallel FG;

b) if DEFGDEFG is a parallelogram, it is a rhombus.

Solution

Let ANBL=PAN \cap BL = P.

a) Since LAM=MAN=LBM=MBN\angle LAM = \angle MAN = \angle LBM = \angle MBN, the quadrilaterals ABEDABED and ABFGABFG are cyclic. Then AED=ABL=ANL\angle AED = \angle ABL = \angle ANL and hence DELNDE\parallel LN. Analogously FGLNFG\parallel LN.

b) Since DPLP=DELN=GFLN=CFCN\frac{DP}{LP} = \frac{DE}{LN} = \frac{GF}{LN} = \frac{CF}{CN}, then LDDP=NFFC\frac{LD}{DP} = \frac{NF}{FC}. Hence
LAAP=LDDP=NFFC=NAAC. \frac{LA}{AP} = \frac{LD}{DP} = \frac{NF}{FC} = \frac{NA}{AC}.
It follows that APLACN\triangle APL \sim \triangle ACN which gives APL=ACB\angle APL = \angle ACB, i.e. LPNCLPNC is a cyclic quadrilateral. Then
180=APB+ACB=180PABPBA+180CABCBA=2180(PAB+CAB)(PBA+CBA)=2(180MABMBA)=2AMB, \begin{align*} 180^\circ &= \angle APB + \angle ACB = 180^\circ - \angle PAB - \angle PBA + 180^\circ - \angle CAB - \angle CBA \\ &= 2 \cdot 180^\circ - (\angle PAB + \angle CAB) - (\angle PBA + \angle CBA) \\ &= 2(180^\circ - \angle MAB - \angle MBA) = 2 \angle AMB, \end{align*}
i.e. AMB=90\angle AMB = 90^\circ. So DFEGDF \perp EG and therefore the parallelogram DEFGDEFG is a rhombus.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.