Suppose there are questions in an examination attended by students, where are given natural numbers. The marking rule for each question is as follows: if there are exactly students failing to answer the question correctly, then they will each get 0 marks, and those who answer it correctly will each get marks. The total marks of a student are the sum of marks he/she gets from the questions. Now rank the total marks of the students as . Find the maximum possible value of .
Solution
For any , assuming there are students failing to answer the th question correctly, then there are ones who answer it correctly and each gets marks from it accordingly. Suppose the sum of the students' total marks is . Then we have
As each student gets at most marks from the th question, we have
Since , then .
Therefore,
By the Cauchy Inequality, we have
Then
On the other hand, if there is a student who answers all the questions correctly, while the other students fail to answer any questions, then we have
Therefore, the maximum possible value of is .
Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track
puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.