Solution:
a) It follows from an<1 and an+1=an+23<1 that an<−2. Thus, an+1<−2, and therefore an+2=an+13>−23, i.e. an>−27.
б) First solution. Set bn=an+3. Then bn+1=bn−13bn. It follows from a) that −23<bn−1<0, i.e. ∣bn−1∣<23 and therefore ∣bn+1∣>2∣bn∣. Hence 1>∣bn+1∣>2n∣b1∣ for all n. Letting n→∞ gives b1=0. Then bn=0, i.e. an=−3 for all n.
Second solution. Let c1=1 and ck+1=3ck+(−1)k for k≥1. One can prove by induction on k that
−c2kc2k+1<an<−c2k−1c2k
for all n and k. Indeed, similar to a) it follows from an<−c2k−1c2k that −c2kc2k+1<an, which in turn implies that an<−c2k+1c2k+2.
Further, induction on k gives ck=43k+(−1)k−1. Therefore limk→∞ckck+1=3 and using (*) we conclude that an=−3 for all n.