Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.8 AIME, harder Prove it Russia

Let BEBE and CFCF be altitudes in a tetrahedron ABCDABCD. A plane α\alpha through the midpoint of ADAD is perpendicular to ADAD. Assume that the points AA, CC, DD, and EE lie on a circle, and the points AA, BB, DD, and FF also lie on a circle. Show that the points EE and FF are equidistant from α\alpha. (A. Kuznetsov)

Solution

The line CFCF is perpendicular to the plane ABDABD, so CFADCF \perp AD. Similarly, BEADBE \perp AD. Therefore, the lines CFCF and BEBE are parallel to the plane α\alpha or lie in it. The points BB, CC, EE, and FF lie on the sphere ω\omega circumscribed about the tetrahedron ABCDABCD. Also, since BEC=90=BFC\angle BEC = 90^\circ = \angle BFC, the points BB, CC, EE, and FF lie on the sphere ω\omega', constructed on the segment BCBC as a diameter.

If the spheres ω\omega and ω\omega' do not coincide, all their common points lie in one plane, denote it by β\beta. In the plane β\beta lie the lines BEBE and CFCF, each of which is parallel to the plane α\alpha or lies in this plane. Also, the lines BEBE and CFCF are not parallel, since they are perpendicular to the intersecting planes ACDACD and ABDABD. Thus, the plane β\beta is parallel to the plane α\alpha or coincides with it, and the distances from the points EE and FF to α\alpha are equal to the distance between the planes α\alpha and β\beta (see Fig. 12).

Figure 1

If the spheres ω\omega and ω\omega' coincide, then their common center MM is the midpoint of the segment BCBC and lies in the plane α\alpha. Therefore, the distances from the points BB and CC to α\alpha are equal. Since the line BEBE is parallel to α\alpha, the distances from BB and EE to α\alpha are equal. Similarly, the distances from CC and FF to α\alpha are also equal, and then the points EE and FF are equidistant from α\alpha (see Fig. 13).

Figure 2

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