Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.4 AIME, harder Prove it China

An acute triangle ABCABC has three heights ADAD, BEBE and CFCF respectively. Prove that the perimeter of triangle DEFDEF is not over half of the perimeter of triangle ABCABC. (posed by Qi Jianxin)

Solution

Proof Since ADB=AEB=90\angle ADB = \angle AEB = 90^\circ, so four points AA, BB, DD and EE are concyclic, and furthermore, ABAB is the diameter. Hence, by the sine rule, we can get
DEsinDAE=AB=c, \frac{DE}{\sin \angle DAE} = AB = c,
so
DE=csinDAE. DE = c \sin \angle DAE.
In addition, DAC+DCA=90\angle DAC + \angle DCA = 90^\circ, therefore,
DE=ccosC. DE = c \cos C.
Similarly, we can get DF=bcosBDF = b \cos B.
Therefore,
DE+DF=ccosC+bcosB=(2RsinC)cosC+(2RsinB)cosB=R(sin2C+sin2B)=2Rsin(B+C)cos(BC)=2RsinAcos(BC)=acos(BC)a, \begin{align*} DE + DF &= c \cos C + b \cos B \\ &= (2R\sin C) \cos C + (2R\sin B) \cos B \\ &= R(\sin 2C + \sin 2B) \\ &= 2R\sin (B+C) \cos (B-C) \\ &= 2R\sin A \cos (B-C) \\ &= a \cos (B-C) \le a, \end{align*}
where RR is the radius of the circumcircle of ABC\triangle ABC.
That is,
DE+DFa. DE + DF \le a.
Similarly,
DE+EFb and EF+DFc. DE + EF \le b \text{ and } EF + DF \le c.
Therefore,
DE+DF+EF12(a+b+c). DE + DF + EF \le \frac{1}{2}(a+b+c).

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