Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /12 of 16

, 2023

Geometry Difficulty 8.3 Shortlist Prove it Turkey

Let O1O2O3O_1O_2O_3 be an acute angled triangle. Let ω1,ω2,ω3\omega_1, \omega_2, \omega_3 be the circles with centres O1,O2,O3O_1, O_2, O_3 respectively such that any two of them are tangent to each other. Circumcircle of O1O2O3O_1O_2O_3 intersects with ω1\omega_1 at A1A_1 and B1B_1, with ω2\omega_2 at A2A_2 and B2B_2, with ω3\omega_3 at A3A_3 and B3B_3. Prove that the incenter of the triangle determined by the lines A1B1,A2B2,A3B3A_1B_1, A_2B_2, A_3B_3 and the incenter of the triangle O1O2O3O_1O_2O_3 coincide.

Solution

Let the circumcircle of the triangle O1O2O3O_1O_2O_3 be Γ\Gamma. Let the tangency point of ω1\omega_1 and ω2\omega_2 be DD, ω1\omega_1 and ω3\omega_3 be EE, ω2\omega_2 and ω3\omega_3 be FF. Let the incenter of O1O2O3O_1O_2O_3 be II, then it's easy to see that ID,IE,IFID, IE, IF are perpendicular to the respective sides of O1O2O3O_1O_2O_3 since we have O1D=O1E|O_1D| = |O_1E|, etc. The radical axis of circles: ω1,ω2,Γ\omega_1, \omega_2, \Gamma are concurrent, let's say at point XX where Y,ZY, Z are defined similarly. Then XX lies on the perpendicular IFIF since it is the radical axis of the tangent circles ω1,ω2\omega_1, \omega_2. Let OO be the center of Γ\Gamma and OO1A1B1=POO_1 \cap A_1B_1 = P, then OO1A1B1OO_1 \perp A_1B_1 and X,D,P,O1X, D, P, O_1 is cyclic. Therefore, DXO1=DO1O\angle DXO_1 = \angle DO_1O and similarly DXO2=DO2O\angle DXO_2 = \angle DO_2O and XIXI is an angle bisector of the triangle XYZXYZ, results for YY and ZZ follow similarly.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.