If 0≤T≤668, we will prove that there exists an instruction which fulfills the conditions. Give the following instruction to every villager.
Define today as 0th day. All the villagers must prepare a notebook and a memo pad.
Today, each villager p should write the idea of the village's name m in the letters [p proposed m] and send these letters to every villager (including oneself). And at i=1,2,…,2T+2th day, perform all the following in order.
* If you receive the letter [p0 proposed m] from villager p in the morning, send the letter [i−1th day p says p0 proposed m] to every villager.
* Until then, if you have received the letter [jth day p says p0 proposed m] (j≤i−2) from 2007−2T or more persons, send the letter [jth day p says p0 proposed m] to every villager.
* Until then, if you have received the letter [jth day p says p0 proposed m] (j≤i−2) from 2007−T or more persons, write [sure: jth day p says p0 proposed m] to your memo pad.
* About villager p0 and idea m, if i is even and distinct 2i villagers p0,p2,…,pi−2 exist and [sure: jth day pj says p0 proposed m] is written in your memo pad for all the even numbers that satisfy 0≤j<i, then write [p0's idea seems to be m] in your notebook and send the letter [p0 proposed m] to every villager.
And at 2T+2th day, all the villagers must look into their notebook and look for all the pairs (p,m) that satisfy the following condition.
Condition: [p's idea seems to be m] is written in your notebook. And if [p's idea seems to be m] and [p's idea seems to be n] are both written in your notebook, then m=n.
Consider (p,m) pairs that satisfy this condition only. Count the kind of p corresponding to each m. And if only one m has the most kinds of p, then send a letter [m] to God. Otherwise, send a letter [JMO] to God.
Now let us prove that this instruction satisfies the problem's condition. We will prove the following. Notice that 2007>3T.
(1) If some honest person wrote [sure: jth day p says p0 proposed m] in his memo pad, villager p really sent the letter [p0 proposed m] on the jth day.
(2) If some honest person wrote [sure: jth day p says p0 proposed m] in his memo pad on the kth day, every honest person wrote the same content in their memo pads by the k+1th day.
(3) Now assume that p0 is an honest person. If some honest person wrote [p0's idea seems to be m] in his notebook, p0 really proposed m. And if p0 proposed m, every honest person would write [p0's idea seems to be m] in their notebook by the 2T+2th day.
(4) If some honest person wrote [p's idea seems to be m] in his notebook, every honest person would write the same content in their memo pads by the 2T+2th day.
Proof of (1): Assume that some honest person wrote [sure: jth day p says p0 proposed m] to his memo pad. According to the instruction, he received the letter [jth day p says p0 proposed m] from 2007−T or more persons. Especially, from 2007−T>T, there exists some honest person who sent the letter [jth day p says p0 proposed m]. Now define q as the honest person who sent this content first. There are two possible reasons why q sent this letter.
(a) q received the letter of this content from 2007−2T or more people.
(b) q received the letter of the content [p0 proposed m] from p.
But in the case of (a), from 2007−2T>T, a certain honest person sent a letter [jth day p says p0 proposed m] to q earlier than q sent the same letter. This is contrary to the definition of q. Therefore, there is the case (b) only, and lemma (1) is proved.
Proof of (2): Assume that some honest person wrote [sure: jth day p says p0 proposed m] to his memo pad on the kth day. It means that 2007−T or more villagers, therefore 2007−2T or more honest people sent a letter [jth day p says p0 proposed m] to him by the kth day. By the way, every honest person sent letters to every villager every day, so every villager receives the letter of this content from 2007−2T or more persons by the kth day, and so every honest person sent the letter of this content to every villager, and therefore every villager will receive the letter of this content from 2007−T or more persons by the k+1th day. Thus, every honest person wrote [sure: jth day p says p0 proposed m] in their memo pad by the k+1th day. Lemma (2) is proved.
Proof of (3): Assume that some honest person wrote [p0's idea seems to be m] in his notebook. According to the instruction, [sure: 0th day p0 says p0 proposed m] was written in his memo pad. According to lemma (1), p0 sent the letter [p0 proposed m] on the 0th day. Next, assume that p0 sent the letter [p0 proposed m] to every villager. Then on the 1st day, every honest person, that means 2007−T or more honest people receive this letter, and send the letter [0th day p0 says p0 proposed m] to every villager. Then on the 2nd day, every honest person receives this letter, and writes [0th day p0 says p0 proposed m] to their memo pad, and then write [p0's idea seems to be m] to their notebook. Lemma (3) is proved.
Proof of (4): Assume that the honest person who wrote [p0's idea seems to be m] in the notebook earliest is q, and q wrote this on the 2i+2th day. According to the instruction, there exist distinct villagers p0,p2,…,p2i and [sure: 2jth day p2j says p0 proposed m] in q's notebook. From 2i+2≤2T+2, then i≤T. So there exists a number j that p2j is an honest person, or there doesn't exist such number j. In this case, i<T.
In the case of the former, if p2j is an honest person, according to lemma (1), p2j really sent the letter [p0 proposed m] on the 2jth day, or 2j=0. But the former is contrary to the definition of q. So j=0. And thus every honest person wrote [p0's idea seems to be m] in their notebook on the 2nd day. (This fact is proved by the part of proof of lemma (3))
In the case of the latter, q sent the letter [p0 proposed m] to every villager on the 2i+2th day. And from the same argument as (3), every honest person wrote [sure: 2i+2th day q says p0 proposed m] in their notebook on the 2i+4th day. By the way, the content [sure: 2jth day p2j says p0 proposed m] (0≤j≤i) in q's notebook will be also written in every honest person's notebook (reference to lemma (2)). Every p2j isn't honest, so q is different from every p2j. Therefore, from these facts, every honest person wrote [p0's idea seems to be m] in their notebook on the 2i+4th day. Now i<T, then 2i+4≤2T+2. Lemma (4) is proved.
According to lemma (4), on the evening of the 2T+2th day, the contents of every honest person's notebook are the same. So every honest person will send the same letter to God. Thus the first condition is satisfied. Next, according to lemma (3), every honest person's idea is written in every honest person's memo pad. And for honest person p, at most one m is written as [p's idea seems to be m]. Therefore, if every honest person had the same idea of the village name h, h gains the most votes. (2007−T>22007) Thus every honest person sends a letter [m] to God. So the second condition is satisfied.
Next, we will prove that if T≥669, instructions which fulfill the conditions don't exist. At first, prove the following lemma.
Lemma A: In the problem, if the number of villagers is changed into 3, and put T=1, instructions which fulfill the conditions don't exist.
Proof of Lemma A: Assume that instructions which fulfill the conditions exist. Define three villagers as 1,2 and 3. Assume that this instruction doesn't direct to send a letter to oneself. Consider the following situation X. There was another village in which three villagers 1′,2′,3′ live. And this village also had no name. And in this village, another God gave the same instruction as the same day (1,2,3 correspond to 1′,2′,3′). But because of a mistake of the post office, the letter from i to j always arrived as a letter from i′ to j′, and the letter from i′ to j′ always arrived as a letter from i to j (i,j=1,2,3). And 1,2,3,1′,2′,3′ are honest people, and consider a,a,b,b,b,a as their ideas of the name of the village respectively. (a=b)
First, take notice of 1 and 2′. Consider the following village Z.
* Village Z has three villagers 1′′,2′′,3′′.
* The same direction was given to village Z.
* 1′′ is a honest person, and considers a as an idea of the name of the village Z.
* 2′′ is a honest person, and considers b as an idea of the name of the village Z.
* 3′′ is a liar. 3′′ sends a letter which 3 sent to 2 on the ith day to 2′′ on the ith day. And 3′′ sends a letter which 3 sent to 1 on the ith day to 1′′ on the ith day.
In this situation, actions of 1′′, 2′′ in Village Z is the same as actions of 1,2′ in Situation X. From the assumption that the instruction fulfills the conditions, 1′′ and 2′′ send the same idea x for the name of the village Z to God. x=a or x=b holds, and we can assume x=a.
Next, take notice of 1 and 3′. From the same reason, they send the same idea x for the name of the village Z to God. But they considered the same idea a at first, so the idea they send to God is a (from the second condition). This is a contradiction. So the lemma A is proved.
And now assume that there exists an instruction K which fulfills the conditions if T≥669. Define 2007 villagers as A1,A2,…,A669,B1,B2,…,B669,C1,C2,…,C669. Consider the following instruction J about the village which three persons α,β,γ live in and T=1.
Each villager must prepare 669 dolls. Define the dolls of α,β,γasa_1, a_2, …,a669, b_1, b_2, …,b669, c_1, c_2, …,c669.α should make each doll a_j consider the same idea as αthinks.Andα should make each doll a_j do the same action as the action which A_jdoesintheinstructionK.Ifa_jsendsaletter[x]toA_i(orB_i, C_i),αmustsendaletter[A_j → A_i, x]toα(orβ,γ).Andifα receives the letter of the following form, α must give this letter to a_j(astheletterfromA_i, B_i, C_i. And the content of this letter is [y]).Andifαreceivedaletterinotherforms,α$ must ignore it.
* [Ai→Aj,y] from α
* [Bi→Aj,y] from β
* [Ci→Aj,y] from γ
And if every ai (i=1,2,…,669) sent the same letter [z] to God, α must send the letter [z] to God. β,γ must act the same way. We will prove that the instruction J fulfills the conditions. Assume that only α is a liar. In the case of A1,A2,…,A669 are liars and the others are honest people, B1,B2,…,B669,C1,C2,…,C669 will send the same idea to God, so β,γ will send the same idea. And the instruction J also fulfills the second condition. We can prove other cases in the same way. But this is contrary to Lemma A. So it is proved that if T≥669, instructions which fulfill the conditions don't exist.
The answer is 668.