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Japan competition problems, 2015

Geometry Difficulty 6.2 National Olympiad Prove it Japan

Let Γ\Gamma be the circumcircle of triangle ABCABC. Let A′A' be the mid-point of arc BCBC of the circle Γ\Gamma opposite to AA, B′B' be the mid-point of arc CACA opposite to BB and C′C' be the mid-point of arc ABAB opposite to CC. If the area of the triangle AB′C′AB'C', A′BC′A'BC', A′B′C′A'B'C' is 22, 33, 44, respectively, what is the area of triangle ABCABC?

Solution

28835 \frac{288}{35}
For a polygon PP, let us denote by S(P)S(P) its area.
Let II be the incenter of the circle Γ\Gamma. Since AIAI is the bisector of the angle ∠CAB\angle CAB, II lies on the line segment AA′AA'. Similarly, II lies on the line segments BB′BB' and CC′CC'. By using the theorem on angles at a point on the circumference of a circle subtended by arcs of the circle, we have
∠C′B′A=∠C′CA=∠C′CB=∠C′B′B=∠C′B′I. \angle C'B'A = \angle C'CA = \angle C'CB = \angle C'B'B = \angle C'B'I.
Similarly, we obtain ∠B′C′A=∠B′C′I\angle B'C'A = \angle B'C'I. We then see that the triangles AB′C′AB'C' and IB′C′IB'C' are congruent. For the same reason, we have that the triangles A′BC′A'BC' and A′IC′A'IC' are congruent and so are the triangles A′B′CA'B'C and A′B′IA'B'I. From these facts we obtain that S(IB′C′)=2S(IB'C') = 2, S(IC′A′)=3S(IC'A') = 3 and S(IA′B′)=4S(IA'B') = 4, from which it follows that
AI:IA′=S(AC′IB′):S(A′C′IB′)=(2+2):(3+4)=4:7. \begin{aligned} AI : IA' &= S(AC'IB') : S(A'C'IB') \\ &= (2+2) : (3+4) = 4 : 7. \end{aligned}
Similarly, we obtain
BI:IB′=(3+3):(4+2)=1:1 BI : IB' = (3+3) : (4+2) = 1 : 1
CI:IC′=(4+4):(2+3)=8:5. CI : IC' = (4+4) : (2+3) = 8 : 5.
Utilizing these, we obtain
S(BIC)=S(B′IC′)⋅BIIB′⋅CIIC′=2⋅11⋅85=165 S(BIC) = S(B'IC') \cdot \frac{BI}{IB'} \cdot \frac{CI}{IC'} = 2 \cdot \frac{1}{1} \cdot \frac{8}{5} = \frac{16}{5}
S(CIA)=S(C′IA′)⋅CIIC′⋅AIIA′=3⋅85⋅47=9635 S(CIA) = S(C'IA') \cdot \frac{CI}{IC'} \cdot \frac{AI}{IA'} = 3 \cdot \frac{8}{5} \cdot \frac{4}{7} = \frac{96}{35}
S(AIB)=S(A′IB′)⋅AIIA′⋅BIIB′=4⋅47⋅11=167 S(AIB) = S(A'IB') \cdot \frac{AI}{IA'} \cdot \frac{BI}{IB'} = 4 \cdot \frac{4}{7} \cdot \frac{1}{1} = \frac{16}{7}
Therefore, the answer we seek is 165+9635+167=28835\frac{16}{5} + \frac{96}{35} + \frac{16}{7} = \frac{288}{35}.

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