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Algebra Difficulty 5.9 AIME, harder Prove it Romania

Find all the real numbers xx and yy so that:
(i) x2y2x \ge 2y^2;
(ii) y2x2y \ge 2x^2;
(iii) the number 8(xy)8(x - y) is an integer.

Solution

From (i) and (ii) follows x0x \ge 0 and y0y \ge 0. Moreover, x=0x = 0 if and only if y=0y = 0. This points to the solution (0,0)(0, 0) and the other solutions (x,y)(x, y) have x>0x > 0 and y>0y > 0.
Let (x,y)(x, y) be a solution with x>0x > 0 and y>0y > 0.
From (i) and (ii) follows x2y28x4x \ge 2y^2 \ge 8x^4, therefore x(8x31)0x(8x^3 - 1) \le 0 and, since x>0x > 0, this leads to 8x318x^3 \le 1, hence 0<x120 < x \le \frac{1}{2}. In the same way, 0<y120 < y \le \frac{1}{2}.
It is enough to look at the case xyx \ge y. We have 08(xy)<8x40 \le 8(x-y) < 8x \le 4 and, from (iii), follows 8(xy){0,1,2,3}8(x-y) \in \{0, 1, 2, 3\}, therefore xy{0,18,14,38}x-y \in \{0, \frac{1}{8}, \frac{1}{4}, \frac{3}{8}\} and the following situations may rise.
* If xy=0x - y = 0, that is x=yx = y, all the conditions from the statement are fulfilled. So, the pairs (a,a)(a, a), with a(0,12]a \in (0, \frac{1}{2}], are solutions.
* If xy=18x - y = \frac{1}{8}, that is y=x18y = x - \frac{1}{8}, we get: y2x2    x182x2    (4x1)20    x=14y \ge 2x^2 \iff x - \frac{1}{8} \ge 2x^2 \iff (4x - 1)^2 \le 0 \iff x = \frac{1}{4}. This yields y=18y = \frac{1}{8}, and the pair (14,18)(\frac{1}{4}, \frac{1}{8}) also fulfills (i), therefore it is a solution.
* If xy=14x - y = \frac{1}{4}, that is y=x14y = x - \frac{1}{4}, we get: y2x2    x142x2    8x24x+10    4x2+(2x1)20y \ge 2x^2 \iff x - \frac{1}{4} \ge 2x^2 \iff 8x^2 - 4x + 1 \le 0 \iff 4x^2 + (2x - 1)^2 \le 0, impossible.
* If xy=38x - y = \frac{3}{8}, that is y=x38y = x - \frac{3}{8}, we get: y2x2    x382x2    16x28x+30    (4x1)2+20y \ge 2x^2 \iff x - \frac{3}{8} \ge 2x^2 \iff 16x^2 - 8x + 3 \le 0 \iff (4x - 1)^2 + 2 \le 0, impossible.
The solutions are the pairs (14,18)(\frac{1}{4}, \frac{1}{8}), (18,14)(\frac{1}{8}, \frac{1}{4}) and (a,a)(a, a), with a[0,12]a \in [0, \frac{1}{2}].

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